Module 69: Abnormal Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

Somatic Symptom Disorder

A

A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form w/o apparent physical cause
- vomiting, dizziness, blurred vision, difficulty in swallowing, severe & prolonged pain

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2
Q

Conversion Disorder

A

A disorder in which a person experiences a very specific physical symptom that is not compatible with recognized medical or neurological conditions

  • lose sensation in a way that makes no neurological sense
  • paralysis, blindness, or inability to swallow
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3
Q

Illness Anxiety Disorder

A

A disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as a symptoms of a disease
- sympathy or temporary relief from everyday demands may reinforce such complaints

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4
Q

Dissociative Disorders

A

Controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
- results may be a fugue state (not knowing who you are, perhaps accompanied by travel or relocation to anew place), a sudden loss of memory of change in identity, often in response to an overwhelming stressful situation

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5
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A

A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities (formerly called multiple personality disorder)

  • characterized by 2 or more distinct identities - each with its own voice & mannerism - seem to control a person’s behavior at different times
  • original personality denies any awareness of the other(s)
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6
Q

What did Psychologist Nicholas Spanos’ experiment suggest about Dissociative Identity Disorder?

A

Perhaps dissociative identities are simply a more extreme version of the varied “selves” we normally present - as when we display a goofy, loud self while hanging out with friends, and a subdued respectful self around grandparents

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7
Q

How has the increase in diagnosis caused doubt about the disorder?

A
  • skeptics also find it suspicious that the disorder has such a short and localized history (1930-1960 the humber of North American DID diagnoses averaged 2 per decade)
  • 1980s the disorder contained the first formal code for this disorder, the number had exploded to more than 20,000
  • some think the rise in popularity of Sybil is responsible for the rise in cases
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8
Q

What research supports the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder?

A
  • researchers cite findings of distinct body and brain states associated with differing personalities
  • abnormal brain anatomy and activity; brain scans show shrinkage in areas that aid memory and detection of threat
  • heightened activity appears in brain areas associated with the control and inhibition of traumatic memories
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9
Q

How do psychodynamic and learning perspectives view DID?

A
  • both psychodynamic and learning perspectives have interpreted DID symptoms as a way of coping with anxiety
  • psychodynamic: DID symptoms as defenses against anxiety caused by eruption of unacceptable impulses - second personality enables the discharge of forbidden impulses
  • learning theorists: behaviors reinforced by anxiety reduction
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10
Q

Personality Disorders

A

Inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
- three clusters characterized by anxiety, eccentric behavior or dramatic and impulsive behavior

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11
Q

What are the three clusters of personality disorders? Descriptions

A

Anxiety: such as a fearful sensitivity to rejection that predisposes the withdrawn avoidant personality disorder

Eccentric or Odd: such as the emotionless disengagement of schizotypal personality disorder

Dramatic or Impulsive: such as the attention-getting borderline personality disorder, the self-focused narcissistic personality disorder, the callous, and often dangerous, antisocial personality disorder

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12
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

A personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing even towards friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist
- can display symptoms by age 8; lack of conscience becomes plain before 15 as they begin to lie, steal, fight, or display unrestrained sexual behavior

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13
Q

Is there a correlation between emotional intelligence and antisocial personality disorder?

A

people with antisocial personality disorder may show lower emotional intelligence - the ability to understand, manage, and perceive emotions

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14
Q

What is a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?

A

Extreme lack of conscience

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15
Q

Do all criminal have antisocial personality disorder

A

Many criminal do NOT fit the description of antisocial personality disorder, they’re not impulsive and they care for family and friends

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16
Q

What are the genetic factors in antisocial personality disorder?

A
  • genetic vulnerability of people w/ antisocial and unemotional tendencies appears as low arousal in response to threats
  • awaiting averse events (electric shock & loud noises) they show little autonomic nervous system arousal
17
Q

Is activity in the frontal lobes a factor?

A

Researchers have found reduced activation in murderer’s frontal lobes
- this brain area helps brake down impulsive, aggressive behavior

18
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

A feeding and eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight; sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise

  • significantly below normal weight but feel fat, fear being fat, diet obsessively, sometimes exercise excessively
  • binge-purge-depression cycle
19
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

A feeding and eating disorder in which a person’s binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) is followed by inappropriate weight-loss promoting behavior, such as vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise
- within or above normal ranges

20
Q

Binge Eating Disorder

A

A feeding and eating disorder characterized by significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but w/o the compensatory behavior (purging, fasting or excessive exercise) that marks bulimia nervosa

21
Q

Note

A

Low self-esteem, perfectionism, concern with others’ perceptions, and cultural pressure - which include body ideal that vary across time and place, often perpetuated through media - interact with stressful life experiences and genetics to produce eating disorders

22
Q

Paranoid Personality Disorder

A

Odd/Eccentric

  • often have extreme feelings of paranoia
  • feel everyone is out to get them
  • hyper aware of danger
  • mistrust others/ don’t get close to others
23
Q

Schizoid Personality Disorder

A

Odd/Eccentric

  • characterized by social detachment and restricted emotions
  • prefer solitude
  • tend to miss social cues
  • cold or aloof
24
Q

Schizotypal personality disorder

A

Odd/Eccentric

  • believes in odd things (fairies/magic)
  • magical thinking
  • awkward in social situations
  • experience perceptual and cognitive distortions
  • irrational behavior
  • has many similarities to Schizoid & Schizophrenia
25
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

A

Dramatic

  • mood swings/ instability
  • big problem with mood and sense of self
  • may engage in risky and impulsive behavior (drugs & self-harm)
  • splitting: feelings towards a person swings drastically
26
Q

Histrionic Personality Disorder

A

Dramatic

  • center of attention
  • very uncomfortable when not the center
  • excessively express their emotions
  • easily influenced by others
27
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A

Dramatic

  • inflated ego
  • feel special and unique
  • preoccupied by fantasies of power and have a powerful sense of entitlement
  • devastated by normal human limitations
28
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

Dramatic

  • utter lack of empathy
  • engage in criminality
  • impulsive
  • not all become criminals though
29
Q

Avoidant Personality Disorder

A

Anxious

  • avoids others
  • sensitive to criticism
  • chronic fear of rejection
  • completely avoid social situations and relationships
  • no desire to make friends
  • don’t feel good enough
30
Q

Dependent Personality Disorder

A

Anxious

  • depends on others
  • needs a lot of attention and care from others
  • fears losing relationships in their lives
  • clingy
31
Q

Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder

A

Anxious

  • perfectionist
  • obsessed with order, control, getting things done right
  • struggle to work with others (needs to be their way)
  • tight with money
  • different from Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (anxiety disorder)