Module 71: Cognitive Behavioral Therapies Flashcards
How do Behavior Therapies differ from Psychodynamic and Humanistic Therapies
Rather than delving deeply below the surface looking for inner causes, Behavior Therapist assume that problem behaviors ARE the problems
- replace maladaptive symptoms with new constructive behaviors
Psychodynamic & Humanistic therapies are insight therapies - diminish problems by gaining insight
How can maladaptive behaviors be learned?
We learn various behaviors and emotions through classical conditioning.
Pavlov
- fear can generalize
Counterconditioning
Behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors
- pairing fear provoking stimulus with new responses
Exposure Therapy
Behavioral techniques, such as Systematic Desensitization and Virtual Reality Exposure therapy that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid
- changing people’s reaction be repeatedly exposing them to stimuli that trigger unwanted reactions -> eventually will adapt.
Systematic Desensitization
A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli
- patient may create a hierarchy and work through each step to work through relation methods until calm at that level of exposure
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
A counterconditioning technique that treats anxiety through creative electronic simulations in which people can safely face their greatest fears. such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.
- in a safe room with therapists
- people see vivid simulations of feared stimuli
Aversive Conditioning
A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)
Behavior Modification
Reinforcing behaviors considered desirable and failing to reinforce - or sometimes punishing - behaviors considered undesirable
- use operant behavior modification )positive reinforcement to shape wanted behavior, punishment to decrease unwanted behavior, and rewarded closer and closer approximations fo desired behavior.
Token Economy
An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token (a chip, stamp or other non-monetary item) for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange tokens for privileges or treats
Criticism of Token Economy
How durable are the behaviors? will people become so dependent on extrinsic rewards that the desired behaviors will stop when reinforcers stop?
is it right for one human to control another’s behavior ? Token economies deprive people of something they desire and decide which behaviors to reinforce. - feels authoritarian
Cognitive Therapy
Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
- assume that our thinking colors our feelings. Self-blaming and overgeneralized explanations of bad events feed depression
Note
The person’s emotional reactions are produced not directly by the event but by the person’s
thoughts in response to the event.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
A confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people’s illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions
- many problems arise from irrational thinking
Catastrophizing
Sort of relentless overgeneralized, self-blaming behavior
Cognitive Therapy Techniques
Reveal Beliefs: Question you interpretations - rank thoughts and emotions
Test Beliefs: Examine consequences - Decastrophize thinking
Change Beliefs: take appropriate responsibility - resist extremes
