Module 19: Visual Organisation & Interpretation Flashcards
Perceptual Adaptation
In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field.
To changed visual input makes the world seem normal again. - new pair of glasses make you dizzy but you adjust
Perceptual Constancy
Perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent shapes, size, brightness, and color) even as illumination and retinal images change
Color Constancy
Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object.
Monocular cues
Depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone.
Phi Phenomenon
An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession
Retinal Disparity
A binocular cue for perceiving depth: by comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes, the brain computes distance, the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object.
Binocular Cues
Depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of two eyes.
Visual Cliff
A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals.
- plexiglass and patterned floor
Depth Perception
The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance.
Grouping
The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups
Figure-ground
The organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground)
Gestalt
An organized whole. Gestalt psychologist emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes.
What are the five types of grouping?
Proximity, continuity, closure, similarity, and connectedness
Proximity (grouping)
Group nearby figures together
Continuity (grouping)
Percieves smooth, continous patterns rather than discontinued ones.
Closure (grouping)
Fill in gaps to create a complete, whole object
Similarity (grouping)
When items are similar, we see them as together rather than individually
Connectedness (grouping)
Grouped together as a unit when there is a uniformed similarity
Convergence
Binocular Cue
The extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object. The greater inward the strain the closer the object.
Linear Perspective
Monocular Cue
Parallel lines appear to meet in the distance
Interposition
Monocular Cue
If one object partialy blocks our view of another we perceive it as closer
Light & Shadow
Monocular Cue
Given 2 identical objects, the dimmer on is father away
Relative Height
Monocular Cue
Objects higher in our field of vision are father away
Relative Size
Monocular Cue
If we assume that 2 objects are similar in size, most people perceive the one that cast a smaller natural image is further away.
Relative Motion
Monocular Cue
As we move, objects that are actually stable may appear to move. If you gaze at a fixed object, the objects beyond the point well appear to move with you
- in a car: sky travels with you, house is fixed, fence going opposite direction
Motion Perception
Monocular Cue
Partically based on the assumption that shrinking objects are retreating and enlarging objects are approaching.
- we need to see an object in relation to other objects
Stoboscopic Movement
Rapid series of slightly moving images
- think flipbook or animation
Brightness Constancy
Percieivng objects as having brightness even when its illumination varies
- depends on relative luminance (amount of light an object reflects relative to its surroundings)
Remember
Comparisons GOVERN Perception
Size Constancy
Percieve the objects having a constant size, even while our distance from them varies
Shape Constancy
Perceiving the form of familiar objects as constant, even while our retinas receive changing images of them
Moon Illusion
Moon appears bigger when closer to the horizon - horizon provides many visual reference points like the ebbinghaus illusion
Ames Room
Brain uses built in assumption; the room is a deformed trapezoid but inside the room looks normal
- people look like they are changing sizes causing our brain’s stronger assumption walls are parallel
Texture Gradient / Relative Clarity
Monocular Cue
Objects textures/details becomes less apparent father away
Where in the brain does spatial awareness take place?
Parietal Lobe
