Module 24: Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Disorders & Dreams Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Insomnia

A

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
- occurs after a series of restless nights brought on by either physical issues such as gastrointestinal problems, experiencing anxiety, linked to going to sleep ; the body is stuck responding to stress and continues to release hormones need for the flight, fight, or freeze response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Narcolepsy

A

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times

  • person will feel sleepy all day every day regardless of the quantity of sleep night before
  • hard time staying asleep/ waken numerous times for no reason
  • their brain’s amount of hypocretin-producing neurons decreases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakening
- muscles in the respiratory system relax excessively resulting in a stop in breathing in intervals of 10 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Night Terrors

A

A sleep disorders characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified

  • occur during NREM-3 stage within 2-3 hrs of falling asleep
  • tend not to remember
  • last a couple a seconds to a few minutes long
  • mostly in children
  • symptoms: sitting posture, blank stare, screaming
  • caused by lack of sleep, anxiousness, and stress
  • triggers: prescriptions, alcohol, restless leg syndrome, and sleep apnea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dream

A

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind.
- hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer’s delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Manifest Content

A

According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Latent Content

A

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the dream theories?

A
  • Freud’s wish fulfillment
  • Information Processing
  • Physiological Function
  • Neural Activation
  • Cognitive Development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Freud’s wish fulfillment (dream theory)

A

Dreams provide a “psychic safety valve” - expressing other wise unacceptable feelings; contain manifest (remembered) content and a deeper layer of latent content - a hidden meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Criticism for Freud’s wish fulfillment dream theory

A

Lacks any scientific support

Dreams may be interpreted in many different ways.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Information-processing (dream theory)

A

Dreams help us sort out the day’s events and consolidate our memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Criticism of Information Processing theory

A

But why do we sometimes dream about things we have not experienced?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Physiological Function (dream theory)

A

Regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may help develop and preserve neural pathways.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Criticism of Physiological Function theory

A

This does not explain why we experience meaningful dreams.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neural Activation (dream theory)

A

REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories, which our sleeping brain waves into stories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Criticism of Neural Activation theory

A

The individual’s brain is weaving the stories, which still tells us something about the dreamer

17
Q

Cognitive Development (dream theory)

A

Dream content reflects dreamers’ cognitive development- their knowledge and understanding

18
Q

Criticism of Cognitive development theory

A

Does not address the neuroscience of dreams

19
Q

Sleep Walking & Sleep Talking

A
  • Type of parasomnia
  • somnambulism = sleep walking
  • performing actions while sleeping
  • occurs during NREM; explains why it is hard to wake sleep walkers because they are not in stage 1
20
Q

What are the effects of sleep walking and sleep talking?

A
  • could potentially act out in dangerous ways (such as driving a car)
  • could result in injury to self of others
  • In some cases there is a connection between sleep walkers and those with Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and seizures
21
Q

Effects of Narcolepsy

A
  • real like illusive hallucinations
  • sleep paralysis: inability to move their body after waking up
  • cataplexy: sparked by strong emotions and occurs during the middle of the day
  • difficulties in social aspects of life
  • overall decrease in body functions
22
Q

What are some factors that could influence sleep apnea?

A
  • ethnicity, alcohol, age, weight (over), gender, smoking, and raised blood pressure
23
Q

Effects of Sleep Apnea

A
  • headaches, difficulties focusing, fluctuation in mood, depleted of energy, depressed mood, and tiredness
24
Q

Effects of Insomnia

A
  • the brain becomes paranoid and obsesses over the smallest of stimuli
  • even after falling asleep insomniacs do not experience good quality sleep because their brain is still using all of the glucose necessary to function durning the day
  • the person will wake up still feeling tired, possibly confused and stressed trapping a person in a perpetual loop
25
Q

Effects of Night Terrors

A
  • anxiety, irritability, difficulty focusing
  • durning night terrors: excessive perspiration, increase in heart rate, shortness of breath
  • having depression, anxiety, and sleep increases a person’s chances of having sleep terrors during their adult life
26
Q

Sleep Deprivation

A

Not acquiring an adequate amount of sleep
- leads to issues focusing, increase in appetite, and confusion

  • disorientation occurs after extreme amount of sleep deprivation (50 hrs)
  • hardest in the morning to stay awake when sleep deprived
  • chronic sleep deprivation: only getting roughly 5 hours of sleep every night
  • can cause health issues such as obesity, heart disease, kidney disease ,high blood pressure, diabetes, stroke, and overall lowers the body’s immune system
27
Q

What do people tend to dream?

A

People tend to dream:

  • terrifying things, embarrassing occurrences, seeing yourself or a loved one dead, failing, falling, suffocation
  • some have crazy random dreams
  • daily life (school or work)
  • determination (a loop of completing a task)