Voyaging And Sailing Flashcards
1
Q
Earth: Winds and Currents
A
- Island intervisible (Go in that direction; Push boat to where you want to go; Currents and winds will push you back to island if sail breaks)
- Nowadays boats with outriggers with engines
- Slowly starting to move into towns but culture of living on water with boats around for long time
2
Q
Remote Oceania Sailing Technology
A
- 4000-5000 years ago, Lapita colonization (Time before Lapita)
- Sails and outriggers most likely
- Perhaps double canoes
- Historical picture shows outrigger with fire stove on it (RV of the ocean; Cook food to go long distances (~1650))
3
Q
Outrigger Canoes
A
- Exist today descendants of earlier forms
- Three kinds: Paddling outrigger, Lateen sail with double hulls, Lateen sail with outrigger
4
Q
Outrigger Canoes: Paddling outrigger
A
- Log cut out with straits holding outrigger
- For personal travel, small amount of things on it
- Short travel
5
Q
Outrigger Canoes: Lateen sail with double hulls
A
- Platform with house to keep warm and long distances
- Holds cargo
6
Q
Outrigger Canoes: Lateen sail with outrigger
A
- Between the two above
- Can go far or short distances and carry some things but doesn’t have a house/living space on it
7
Q
Variations on Outrigger Boats
A
- Conventional raft
- To Minimal raft high buoyancy or dugout logs
- To Double canoe
- To Asymmetric double canoe (Small and large canoe with platform in middle)
- To Single outrigger boat (Non-reversible to reversible)
- To Double outrigger boat (Used today)
8
Q
Video 1: Boat in Papua New Guinea
A
- Outrigger sailing canoe
- Sail one big triangle that catches the wind at an angle (No boom like modern sailboats)
- Sails made of tarp but traditionally weave sail out of palm or other plant fiber (Wind push through holes in it unlike modern plastics)
9
Q
Video 2: Modern boat of Oracle team USA
A
- New Zealand’s on USA boat
- When moving fast push up on top of water on poles (has an actual name)
10
Q
Video 3: Little paddling outriggers
A
- Like surfing catching wave and boat so stable slides forward
- Cannot carry much on it (Mainly just for travel)
11
Q
Sailing Into the Wind
A
- Wind balloon out sail from side or behind pushing boat forward
- Original tack, Luffed to take off way, Stopped shoot eased off sail flapping to leeward and tack being carried aft, Mast raked and sheet and tack carried to other end, Sheet hauled in canoe on new tack (Wind on side of it; catches wind at an angle)
- Want to go home and have wind behind you instead of fighting winds
- Either move boat/sail from one side to the other or keep at one side (When going against the wind)
- Zigzag pattern is a lot of work, takes a lot longer, but cover a lot more ground (Find more islands going against the wind)
12
Q
Theories About Voyaging into Remote Oceania: Strategic and Systematic
A
- Against, across, and down wind (Prepared to go out and look for new island with resources and plan) (Possibly sail into winds to see if there is an island so they know and can save going there for later date)
- Upwind promises a quick trip home if no island found
13
Q
Theories About Voyaging into Remote Oceania: Safety Rather than Speed
A
- Initial voyaging, not fast; find safest route
- Islands easy to reach, or large targets colonized first (Sometimes skipped islands that didn’t have much to offer)
- Remote islands (due to wind) not colonized even if close (Going downward from Hawaii hard to go due to wind going east to west so wind at side) (Or hard to get back from there)
14
Q
Theories About Voyaging into Remote Oceania: Changing Sea Levels ca. 3500 years ago
A
- 1.5 m higher, declined by 2000-1500 years ago (So nobody lived there because most under water i.e. island smaller)
- Not all islands habitable (Under water)
- Reefs submerged (Atolls and coral reefs so reconstruct island seascape at time)
- (Sea levels today climbing again)
