Hawaii: An Archaic State

Question 1

Hawaiian Traditions and Values

Answer 1

1. Family (‘Ohana)
   1.1 Critical value many people talk about
   1.2 See family as human and land part of family
   1.3 Bones of ancestors nourish later generations
2. Righteousness (pono)
   2.1 Good road or right way
   2.2 Do things in right manner
   2.3 Taking care of task or relative creating balance in nature
3. Sacred (kapu)
   3.1 Forbidden
   3.2 Designate thing that is sacred and why forbidden
   3.3 Crossed sticks meant to say don’t go there
   3.4 Chief can declare kapu on fishing so don’t do it and if do it gods will retaliate
   3.5 Define sacred traditions
4. Hula (dance)
   4.1 Derivative of Tahitian dance
   4.2 Holds cultural values and connects you to rest of community
   4.3 Contains stories of Hawaiian culture
5. Oli (chants)
   5.1 Tied to hula; learned with it
   5.2 Stories in poem form
   5.3 Orally passed down for generations
   5.4 Sometimes say genealogies

Question 2

Merrie Monarch Festival

Answer 2

1. THE festival of hula
2. People from different parts of world go there to perform
3. Halau is hula group with teacher who is famous for knowing dance and story and Oli in dance
4. Sexes segregated
5. Traditional form and modern form which is what people think of for touristy things with guitar
   5.1 Traditional halau tap of gourd and dancers respond to Oli
6. Very synchronized which is hard to achieve
   6.1 Very smooth, more like one body
7. Clothes and hair exactly the same
   7.1 Now harder to get the plants needed to make lei
8. Award for best Hawaiian language as well

Question 3

Surfing

Answer 3

1. Observed 1779
2. Chiefly sport
3. Wooden boards
4. 1819 lithograph with surfboard in foreground
   4.1 20 ft long and at least 100 lbs because made of wood
   4.2 Riding it would be different style than now because of different materials and foam board rides different than wood
5. No archaeological record of surfboards because made of wood so deteriorated
   5.1 Some 200 years old that were kept well preserved by individuals families and donated
6. Did offerings to trees, kapuna god for safe rides, and used for marriage

Question 4

Making Modern Hawaii

Answer 4

1. Royal Family of Kamehameha 1819-1850s
2. Great Mahele of 1840s
   2.1 Most Hawaiians lost land
   2.2 Large tracts owned by Kamehameha’s family
   2.3 Wanted map of land separation
   2.4 Certain families had land they lived on but iffy who owned it because chiefs moved land so much in the past
   2.5 Problematic because once someone said this land is mine, they had to pay taxes (Didn’t have money to pay it; Government said give piece of land as property tax; Eventually didn’t own land anymore)
3. Queen Lili’uokalani
   3.1 Internationally recognized monarch of an independent nation (Seen as a threat to Americans who wanted to own land)
   3.2 Illegally dethroned by US in 1893 (Said broke the law and locked her in palace)
   3.3 3 million acres seized (Seized by US government; Still owned by US government today)
4. Modern Hawaii determined by this process
   4.1 All land owned by someone else

Question 5

The theft…

Answer 5

1. 1897 - protests against US annexation
2. Claims to land, sovereignty have never been relinquished
   2.1 Never compensated for loss
3. Lands have never been ceded to US
4. 1959 - The UN, under pressure from the US, removed Hawaii from the list of “Non-Self Governing Territories eligible for decolonization” — independence was not an option
   4.1 Made state because of protests so they could shut them up in a way
5. 1959 - Hawaii became a state
6. 1993 - US apologized for actions in 1893

Question 6

Reclaiming Sovereignty

Answer 6

1. Choices facing the Hawaiian people
   1.1 Stay as they are (Go to Las Vegas)
   1.2 Get Federal recognition as a Tribe
   1.3 Become a Compact Free Association (US not interested in giving back land)
   1.4 Return to being an Independent Nation (2015 - Oral testimony to the department of the interior was 90% against Federal recognition, but for independence; This testimony was not counted — only accepted written testimony for 70% pro Federal recognition)

Question 7

Sugar, Migrants, and Land

Answer 7

1. Hawaii is a multicultural society
   1.1 Sugarcane original agricultural production
   1.2 Then moved to fruits like pineapple
2. Ancestry from the Pacific Islands, Europe, and Asia
   2.1 Ancestry all over the place because came to work the fields
3. Hawaiian communities are fragmented
   3.1 Since no longer big agricultural productions
   3.2 Put kids in language and hula schools to reform culture
4. Poverty

Question 8

Open Chiefdoms: Rapa Nui and Aotearoa

Answer 8

1. Rapa Nui is Easter Island
2. Aotearoa is New Zealand
3. Open chiefdom means sequences of chiefs rivals of another and one would replace the next
   3.1 Overthrow each other
   3.2 Trying to become high chief of Rapa Nui
4. European hat very important trade item
   4.1 Ancestors wore hats as well seen in statues
   4.2 Status symbol
   4.3 Really nice hats very expensive
   4.4 These being rare
   4.5 Head is seed of sacred power