Kanaky (New Caledonia) And Viti (Fiji) Flashcards
1
Q
Modern Conflicts: Independence from France: Non!
A
- 45% of population of New Caledonia is native (kanak)
- Other is of European descent, plus some later immigrants
- 2021 vote for independence from France
- Only 43% of the population voted — most kanaks boycotted the election (wanted themselves to be running the country)
4.1 96% voted to remain a territory of France (Protesters get brought to jail in France)
2
Q
Traditional Kanak Life
A
- Villages
1.1 Carved doorposts and roof finials representing ancestral spirits
1.2 Modern looks like neighborhood you would see anywhere else
1.3 Past central pole thatched house;pole like umbilical cord connecting them to Earth and island - Farming and fishing
2.1 Pudding (like bread pudding, sliceable) baked in earth oven - Music and dance (Spoken in french and kinda Caribbean)
- Urban life (Very vibrant; French people go there for the clubs)
3
Q
Kanak: Men of Roots: Woman’s fishing
A
- Octopus job for women; crayfish job for men
- Regular fishing traditionally for men
4
Q
Kanak: Men of Roots: Custom of gift and speaking
A
- Don’t have yams, not a man or a woman
- Most important belonging
- Need to take them to the yam festival
- Piece of cloth and money put at other persons feet when wanting to make a request for something as a show of respect
- Words are more important than gift because gift won’t last but word will carry on forever
5
Q
Kanak: Men of Roots: Men and Yams
A
- Places in forest have to be invited; ancestors are watching and protecting area from intruders
- Yam field most important place
- Handle yams with lots of respect
3.1 Need to kneel down to get them out of earth (Bow down as sign of respect) - Powerful symbol to ask forgiveness, court a girl, an offering
- Fruit of 9 months hard work
5.1 Dialogue of man and earth
5.2 Incarnation/physical representation of ancestors
6
Q
Archaeological Research
A
- E. Gifford (1952)
- Richard Shutler (student above)
2.1 Two pottery types ca. 1000 BC (Lapita; Podtanean)
2.2 Question? Different people, or a pre-Lapita colonization?
7
Q
Lapita Pottery Variation: Lapita and Podtanean
A
- Dentate stamped pottery
- Incised
- Paddle impressed
- Shell impressed
- Two kinds of pottery in same culture (One presentation and one everyday)
8
Q
“Western” Lapita (1200-700 BC)
A
- 1200 BC (3200 BP) in north of Grande Terre
1.1 Ancestors face with two eyes, ear spools - 1000 BC in south
9
Q
Podtanean (1200 BC — AD 200)
A
- Angle like in middle
- Incised on rim with squiggle
- Likely utilitarian
10
Q
Podtanean as a utilitarian ware
A
- Simpler shape
- Simple decoration or plain
- Thinner and stronger (When heated found this)
- Lapita is abandoned, Podtanean continues for 1000 years
- Cooking in clay pot (pot tipped on side)
5.1 Plug it with plug and fire is underneath
5.2 Use for about a year and then it will break
11
Q
Diet from 3200 BP to 2000 BP
A
- Shellfish and fish
- Turtles (sea)
- Megapodes
3.1 Primitive birds from when New Caledonia part of Guadanaland
3.2 Rely on decaying leaves to make heat for nest - Land crocodile
- Land tortoises
- Introduced breadfruit and yam
12
Q
Settlement of the Interior
A
- Alluvial sedimentation ca. 2500 BP - 2000 BP
- 1500 BP — first interior settlements
- 1200 BP — first irrigated agriculture
- Populations grow in interior
- Hilltop village with house mounds and plazas
5.1 Big houses in middle of ridge and higher so suggest some kind of social structure and possible chief house
13
Q
Landesque Capital Agricultural Features: Col de la Pirogue
A
- 1100 hectares
- 1200-300 BP construction
- Irrigated terraces for growing taro
14
Q
Landesque Capital Agricultural Features: Tiwaka Valley
A
- Undated
- 35 ha of yam mounds
15
Q
Fortifications and Monumental Structures
A
- Loyalty group (east of Grand Terre)
- 2200 BP fortification on Mare Island
- Required labor
- Resembles the influence of chiefs elsewhere (Early chiefdom in Loyalties?)
