Colonization And Complexity Across Atolls And High Islands Pt 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Three Sources of Colonization
A
- See Pt 1
2
Q
Logistics of Yapese Stone Money Transport
A
- See Pt 2
3
Q
Transport by Boat from Palau to Yap
A
- Bamboo rafts?
- Outrigger canoes?
- Setting adrift then towing?
- Perhaps 2 ton stones date to historic era
4.1 More recently steamer boats - Yap to Palau 290 miles apart
4
Q
Archaeological Evidence for Interaction
A
- Pottery on Ngulu Atoll (between Yap and Palau)
- Pottery on Lamotrek Atoll
- Both Yapese and Palauan pottery
- 1000-500 BP
- Stick charts are route maps for atolls
5.1 Sticks tied with twine to show path
5.2 Symbolic of information of voyaging over time
5
Q
Federated States of Micronesia
A
- Islands of the Carolines
- Claimed by Spain, then later Germany in 1899
- Captured by Japan in WW1
- 1944 US destroyed Japanese fleet in Chuuk Lagoon
4.1 Lagoon quite large and lagoon protects boats from sea and cannot fly there
4.2 Why aircraft carriers invented to launch airplanes in ocean area (For US)
4.3 Divers go there to see boat remains because still there - UN Trust Territory of the US until 1979
- Compact Free Association with US
6.1 Agreement will help FSM with military backing when needed and we use it as military place to keep things
6
Q
US Civil War Battle Site in the FSM!
A
- 1865, the CSS Shenandoah (a Confederate raider) attacked and burned four Union whalers in the harbor at Pohnpei
- The Harvest flew the flag of the Hawaiian Kingdom
- The other ships flew the United States flag
- Underwater archaeology has identified the remains of the ships
4.1 Couldn’t find long time because no way of stating where exactly the sunken ship was
7
Q
Federated States of Micronesia: Islands
A
- Yap is late island to left
- Chuuk
- Pohnpei
- Kosrae
8
Q
Emergence of Complex Chiefdoms in the Carolines
A
- Complex, ranked societies on the high islands of Pohnpei and Kosrae
- Matrilineal!
2.1 Land belong to women
2.2 Passed down through women
2.3 Every chiefdom is from mother’s line but role goes to male (son) - Drink kava
- Similar to complex chiefdoms of Polynesia
9
Q
Pohnpei
A
- Volcano eroded with lagoon on outside
- Capital of the Federated States of Micronesia
- Colonized from the Bismarcks ca. 2000 BP
- Pottery from deepest levels below Nan Madol are made with calcareous sand temper (CST)
4.1 Ugly looking lumpy brown pottery - Mangroves
5.1 Like salty water and they fill in coastline
5.2 Need boat and hue path through mangroves to get to actual shoreline
10
Q
Perhaps ruled by single dynasty, the Saudeleur ca. 1000 BP
A
- Capital at Nan Madol
- Large stacked basalt structures
2.1 Built in water now and water part of structure now
2.2 Stacked platforms for crypts and had skeletons in them
2.3 For chiefs, bury him in floor of his house and family still talk to him and he gives suggesting to questions they have - 93 artificial islets
3.1 Stone buildings
3.2 Walls 50 ft high - Extensive complex
4.1 Residences
4.2 Burials (Of the chiefs?)
4.3 Served as the “capitol” and religious center for Pohnpei
4.4 “Ur-settlement” at 2000 BP
4.5 Constructed 1100-500 BP - Thick walls
5.1 Years of work to make structure - Ancient citadel
- No machines but moved columns from 5-50 tons
11
Q
The Saudeleur
A
- Oral histories describe Saudeleur as a foreign chiefdom who installed and built Nan Madol
1.1 Twin brothers and descendants control area
1.2 Thought to be wizards (magic important to Pohnpei)
1.3 Also chiefs, but do “spells” to control land they are on and things to change outcomes - Structures required huge labor, directed by the chiefly elite
- Performed many religious rituals
3.1 People see it as religious and magical protected land that has force field around it
3.2 Have to get permission from people so it is protected both from being knocked down and from something bad to happen magically like opening a crypt and releasing something bad - Perhaps overthrone by warriors from Kosrae
12
Q
Pohnpeian Society
A
- Social status descends from the matrilineal
- Chiefly title, the Nahnmwarki
2.1 Inherited through matrilineal but have to compete with other males in matrilineal to get it - Women tattoo
- Large number of priests
- Ceremonies and rituals, important events related to funeral
- Drumming, breadfruit, woven mats, side man and holding wooden board like carving with carving tool
6.1 Show women at center of image (center of family) and family gathered around her
13
Q
Leluh City of Kosrae
A
- Stone city on an islet off the coast of Kosrae
1.1 Mostly ruins today and not investigated very much but likely where Saudeleur brothers came from - Observed in 1824
2.1 Germans - Paved streets and massive wall
- Ruled by paramount chief, with social strata of high chiefs, land managers, and commoners
14
Q
Leluh Chronology
A
- Not built by Nan Madol people
1.1 Maybe Bismarcks - Occupation by 1900 BP
- Stone city constructed 1750-1600 BP with late additions
- Feast houses, compounds for families, and tombs
- Population growth
5.1 Competition between polities
5.2 Ranked society develops
15
Q
Marshall Islands
A
- NE to FSM
- Biggest atoll is Kwajalein
- Most buildup of buildings is Majuro atoll
3.1 Now can fly there
3.2 Rest of islands by boat - Bikini atoll nuclear testing
4.1 Where largest nuclear test happened
4.2 Huge impact of people of Marshall Islands
4.3 Nuclear fallout has to go somewhere and fell on people living there - Spanish galleons in 16th century
- US Missionaries in 1850
- Protectorate of Germany in 1885
- Captured by Japan in 1914
- US Trust Territory after 1945
- Used for testing nuclear bombs 1946-1958
10.1 Bikini has concrete dome to protect radioactive material inside but wall eroding away so will be a problem - Compact Free Association with US since 1983
- Knit together shell bracelets and symbol of Marshall Islands
12.1 Get married become wealth of the people
