Central And East Polynesian Archaeology And Society Pt 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Aitutaki
A
- See Nov 4 notes
2
Q
Mangaia Island
A
- Reef flat long
- Volcano that has been sinking
- Limestone terrace with cliff
- Kirch, 1995 (excavated)
- Tangatatau Rockshelter
- 1000-800 BP
6.1 Impact on birds (Also rats)
6.2 Erosion (Trying to farm limited land at center of island; Coconut 1000-800 BP) - 500 BP-contact
7.1 Chiefdom
7.2 Conflict (Limited resources)
3
Q
Chiefly districts of Mangaia
A
- Division of land into “pie slices”
1.1 Different sizes but have same amount of resources on it
1.2 Each pie slice goes to different chief - Pattern of land division found elsewhere in Polynesia
- High chief of island via conflict/war
3.1 Compete with each other for high chief title - Platform Marae (temple) with coral pebble fill
4
Q
Kuki ‘Airani (Cook Islands) - New Zealand Connections
A
- Oral traditions of voyages from Cook Islands
1.1 Canoed together to go to New Zealand - Language connections
2.1 Māori and Cook Island languages similar - Place-names
3.1 Identical in New Zealand and Cook Islands - Animals and plants known from cultural traditions of Cook Islands that were transferred to New Zealand that don’t make sense
4.1 Turtle names in New Zealand when not there - Timing of colonization event with timing of people get to Cook Islands
5.1 Colonization happened really quickly
5
Q
Marquesas Islands (Te Enata Henua)
A
- First colonized by Spanish in 1595 so Marquesas from Spanish words
- Nuku Hiva
- Ua Huka
- Hiva Oa
- Ua Pou
- Fatu Hiva
6
Q
Marquesan (Te Enata Henua) Geography
A
- Steep cliffs
1.1 Pinnacles of rocks - Isolated bays
2.1 Hiking up cliffs too hard to do - Few reefs
3.1 Deep water around edges
3.2 Water too deep for coral reefs
3.3 Tiny beach then deep water
3.4 Not same marine species as other islands so fishing different - Dry climate, cold water
4.1 Water from Antarctica so different species of fish there than other places
4.2 Culturally different as well because of island geography
7
Q
Early European Contact
A
- AD 1595, Spanish Admiral Alvaro de Mendana
1.1 Shot at them because didn’t know were humans because tattooed head to foot and left - 1790s - Whalers, including Herman Melville
2.1 Moby Dick and depiction of Pacific Islanders came from them - Image problem of being exotic and mysterious
3.1 Separate from everyone else
8
Q
Paul Gauguin and the Marquesas Islands
A
- 1891-1903
- Painted people and selling image of exotic, tropical beauty
2.1 Paid people to take clothes off and painted them
2.2 What people thought they wore but not really because his image of what they should look like - La orana Maria
3.1 Religious image based in Marquesan clothes and places but not what happened
3.2 Mary and Jesus with halos around them and two people praying towards them and Gabriel in bush
9
Q
Modern Marquesas Islands
A
- Part of French Polynesia (overseas “collectivity”) of France
1.1 Politically owned by France
1.2 Embassy think in Paris with gold leafing
1.3 Some self governance but speak French and have home language
1.4 Learn history and politics of France
1.5 Less influence of own prehistory - More remote
- Tourism
3.1 Important part of economy
3.2 Not as many big hotels, cruise ships do come in, tourist bring to their farms - Farming/ranching
4.1 People produce most of their own food
10
Q
Marquesan tattooing
A
- Famous by Maui in Moana
- Divided into sections with stories in section
- Get it done in sections and add throughout own lives to tell what they did in life
- Big blocks where fill in space and symbols embedded into it
- Medallions on joints
- Master who is tattooist and discuss what is appropriate to you
6.1 Ask genealogy and do it based on that
11
Q
Marquesan Style Dancing
A
- Wooden, skin drum accompaniment
1.1 Bass drum log carved out with skin on top (used to be shark now goat or cattle) - Fast, flamboyant
2.1 Explosive - Cultural festivals and for tourists
3.1 Festivals join group and learn how to express their village songs - “Polynesian” music is Marquesan
- Learn to play from childhood
