Vol 1.20 Preflight Planning Flashcards
When are you expected to report for duty?
20.10 pg. 1
-60 minutes prior to departure in domicile
-45 minutes prior to departure out of domicile at a domestic airport
-60 minutes prior to departure out of domicile at a foreign airport or to/from Alaska
-As required but generally >60 minutes prior to departure for supplemental operations
Where can a list of required documents for dispatch be found?
FOM Vol 1, 20.10 pg .2
What are the pilots flashlight requirements?
20.10 pg. 2 - Must be carried by the pilot and it must be able to “illuminate the wingtips from the cabin”
What should be done in order to renew your passport?
20.10 pg. 3 - Contact the chief pilots office to receive a letter for expediting the renewal process. In the mean time you cannot accept an assignment on an international flight.
Will dispatch provide flight paperwork for flights operated under 14 CFR 91?
20.20 pg. 1 - Yes
Who controls flights operated under Flag and Domestic rules? Under part 14 CFR 91 and supplemental rules?
20.20 pg. 1
Domestic/Flag operations: Jointly controlled by the PIC and dispatcher
14 CFR 91 and Supplemental operations: PIC has sole and final authority
Who’s responsible for pre-flight planning of each flight?
20.20 pg. 2 - It’s a joint responsibility between the PIC and the dispatcher
Who has the authority to delay a flight?
20.20 pg. 2 - The captain and the dispatcher
Can dispatch or MCC encourage a flight to continue with an unsafe condition or a known malfunction threatening the safety of the flight in the interest of flight scheduling, completion, passenger service, or maintenance convenience?
20.20 pg. 2 - No
What are the dispatchers responsibilities?
20.20 pg. 2
-Filing all flight plans
-Monitoring the progress of each flight they dispatch
-They are authorized to redirect any flight for operational requirements
Note: Only Systems operations control (SOC) has the authority to cancel a flight
What are the captains responsibilities?
20.20 pg. 2
-Determining whether the aircraft is in a condition for safe flight, and discontinuing the flight when an unairworthy condition occurs
-Following the dispatch release and filed flight plan to the extent possible
-Authorized to deviate from the flight plan as necessary due to weather, winds, safety, or passenger comfort
-If a deviation of greater than 100nm is required, the captain will communicate with dispatch to ensure sufficient fuel is onboard to fly the revised route
Why should you be very careful about accepting/requesting reroutes along the east coast?
20.20 pg. 2 - Aircraft without a Long Range Communication System (LRCS, i.e. HF radios) cannot enter New York Oceanic FIR (KZWY). All reroutes must be sure to avoid flying in that airspace.
When is an alternate airport required when operating under Domestic rules?
20.20 pg. 3 - At least one alternate per destination is always required, unless from at least 1 hour prior to 1 hour after the ETA at the destination airport, the forecasts and/or reports indicate a ceiling of at least 2000’AFE and at least 3sm visibility.
In generic terms, what does exemption 20295 do?
20.20 pg. 3 - Exemption 20295 allows an aircraft to dispatch without an alternate with weather less than the 1,2,3 rule depending on various conditions including the destination weather, available approaches, aircraft capability, etc.
What must be included in the release if dispatched under exemption 20295?
20.20 pg. 3 - It must state in the remarks “Flight operated under exemption 20295”
What kind of approach is required to use exemption 20295?
20.20 pg. 3 - A CAT I, II, or III ILS approach
What are the weather requirements to be dispatched under exemption 20295, if the destination has a CAT I ILS?
20.20 pg. 3 - from an hour before to an hour after the ETA at the destination the weather is forecast and/or reported to be at least 1000’AGL ceilings and 3sm visibility
What are the weather requirements to dispatch under exemption 20295 if the destination has an operable CAT II or III ILS approach?
20.20 pg. 3 - From an hour before to an hour after the ETA, the forecast is at least 1000’AGL ceilings and 2sm visibility
Can exemption 20295 be sued with any approach type other than an ILS?
20.20 pg. 3 - No
Can exemption 20295 be used with thunderstorms in the forecast from an hour before to an hour after the ETA?
20.20 pg. 3 - No
Can you be dispatched under both exemption 20295 and 20144 simultaneously?
20.20 pg. 4 - No
Where can information be found about required reports and other considerations during exemption 20295 operations?
20.20 pg 3-5
When is weather considered to be marginal?
20.20 pg. 5 - When the weather at the alternate is within 100’ or 1/2sm of the required alternate minimums for the airport.
When is weather considered to be marginal?
20.20 pg. 5 - When the weather at the alternate is within 100’ or 1/2sm of the required alternate minimums for the airport.
Describe the process for determining if you need one or more alternate airports, and if those alternates are legal.
Vol 1 20.20
1.) Use the 1,2,3 rule to determine if an alternate is required
1a.) Exemption 20295 may allow you to leave without an alternate even if the 1,2,3 rule isn’t complied
with under certain circumstances
2.) If an alternate is required, use the 1 or 2 navaid rule depending on how many operable navaid facilities
Provide straight-in approaches to different runways to determine what weather is required to be forecast
At the ETA at the alternate
2a.) The 1 navaid rule states that if an airport has only a single navaid with a straight in approach, in
order to determine if the airport can be used as an alternate you must add 400’ to the MDA/DA
and 1sm to the lowest applicable minimums. These are the required weather mins at the ETA at the
alternate
2b.) The 2 Navaid rule
What rule do you need to use to determine if an alternate airport is required? Are there an applicable exemptions?
20.20 pg. 3 -
You need to use the 1,2,3 rule. You always need an alternate unless from an hour before to an hour after your ETA at the destination the reported and/or forecast weather is greater than or equal to 3sm visibility and 2000’ ceilings.
You may be able to leave with weather forecasts worse than this using exemption 20295. This exemption allows you to dispatch without an alternate if the weather meets certain criteria depending on what type of precision approach is available at the destination.
What is exemption 20295?
20.20 pg. 3
It’s an exemption that allows you to dispatch without an alternate with weather worse than the 1,2,3 rule based on which category of precision approach is available at the airport. The weather minimums decrease to the following values
CAT I - 1000’AGL ceiling and 3sm
CAT II - 1000’AGL ceiling and 2sm
CAT III - 1000’AGL ceiling and 2sm
Can you dispatch under exemption 20295 with ACARS inoperative?
20.20 pg. 4 - No
What are some operational considerations when dispatching under exemption 20295?
20.20 pg. 4
-Anything that will negatively affect fuel burn, e.g., holding, delay vectors, airspeed/altitude changes, reroutes, or excessive de-icing use.
-A 1sm or greater decrease in visibility from what was required for dispatch under the exemption. In these circumstances an alternate plan may be required
What are some required reports when dispatched under 20295?
20.20 pg. 4
-Lateral deviation greater than 100nm
-Vertical deviation greater then 4000’
-ETA exceeded by 15 minutes or more
-Fuel consumption greater than planned or any failure than negatively affects fuel burn
-Weather significantly different than forecast
-Holding
-Sustained use of de-icing systems
When would a second alternate airport be required?
20.20 pg. 5
Under two circumstances:
1.) When the weather at both the destination and the alternate are “marginal”, then a second alternate is required.
Note: Marginal means the weather is within 100’ ceilings or 1/2sm visibility of the minimums for the
airport. CAT I mins apply for the destination, and the derived alternate minimums apply for the
alternate.
2.) When dispatched under exemption 20144, meaning that the forecast weather at the destination and/or the first alternate has a conditional statement (e.g. BECMG, PROB, etc) stating the weather may be below minimums at the time off arrival
How much fuel is required whenever you require more than one alternate?
20.20 pg. 4-6
Enough to fly to the destination, then fly to the most distant alternate, taking into account ATC routing, then fly for an additional 45 minutes at normal cruising fuel consumption.
When is an alternate required for flag operations?
20.20 pg. 5
An alternate is always required unless:
1.) The flight is scheduled for not more than 6 hours,
2.) The weather from an hour before to an hour after the ETA is forecast or reported to be at least,
2a.) 1500’ above the lowest circling MDA if circling is required and authorized for that airport, or
2b.) 1500’ above the lowest published instrument approach minimums or 2000’AFE, whichever is greater
2C.) Visibility is forecast to be atleast 3sm, or 2sm greater than the lowest applicable approach
Visibility, whichever is greater.
Note: An alternate is always required for FLAG operations flights longer than 6 hours. Also it’s possible to not require an alternate if flying over a route approved without an available alternate for a particular destination airport”
Can flights dispatch when there’s a forecast of severe icing?
Vol I, 20.20 pg 6 and. Vol I 20.40 pg. 4
You can depart with a FORECAST of severe icing within on hour of the ETA as long as there’s a suitable alternate airport listed on the release. An aircraft cannot, however, be dispatched or operated in KNOWN severe icing conditions. The key here is FORECAST vs KNOWN. Vol I says that known icing is reported via another company plane or a pirep from another large transport category aircraft. FORECAST icing is icing on an area forecast, airmet, or sigmet.
When is a takeoff alternate required?
20.20 pg. 6 - Whenever the weather at the departure airport is below category I minimums a takeoff alternate is required. This airport must be within 1 hour of flight time, single engine, normal cruise speed, in still air, and no more than 330nm away.
What is required if the aircraft is dispatched to an airport with only RNAV approaches?
20.20 pg. 6 - In this circumstance a destination alternate with a suitable non-RNAV approach must be listed on the release
When do flights operated under supplemental rules require an alternate?
20.20 pg. 6 - Supplemental rules flights ALWAYS require an alternate
If dispatched method 2, what weather minimums are required for your drift down alternates?
20.20 pg. 6 - The same weather minimums are required by any other alternate airport, e.g. the 1/2 navaid rule. The exception to this rule is if the drift down alternate is also the destination. Then only the normal destination weather minimums apply.
What’s exemption 20144?
20.20 pg. 6
It’s an exemption that allows you to dispatch when the destination and/or the first alternate have weather forecasts with conditional statements less than the minimums for those airports. When this exemption is used, a second alternate is required.
What are the weather requirements for exemption 20144?
20.20 pg. 6
The conditional statements on the weather reports/forecasts, or any combination thereof, must indicate that the worst case weather conditions are forecast to be:
-For the destination airport, at least one-half the minimum visibility required for the instrument
approach to be used
-For the first alternate, at least one-half of the required alternate minimum visbility for that airport
-For the second alternate, at or above alternate minimums for that airport
Per one of our captains, how do you know if you’re dispatched under supplemental or flag rules?
It should be written in plain English on in the remarks section of the release
When does the one navaid rule apply?
20.20 pg. 7
For airports with atleast one operational navigational facility (ILS, VOR, LDA, etc. Not RNAV) providing:
1.) A straight-in non-precision approach procedure, or
2.) A category I precision approach, or
3.) A circling maneuver from an IAP
If the airport has at least two operational navigational facilities each providing straight-in approach procedures to different runways, then the 2 navaid rule would apply instead
When does the two navaid rule apply?
20.20 pg. 7
For airports with at least two operational navigational facilities, each providing a straight-in approach procedure to different suitable runways. Two navigational facilities using the same frequency but with two different identifiers is sufficient. For example KDEN ILS 35L/17R
How do you determine the alternate minimums for an airport using the 1 navaid rule?
20.20 pg. 7
Add 400’ to the MDA(H) or DA(H) and add 1sm or 1600m to the visibility to the landing minimum
How do you determine an airports alternate minimums using the two navaid rule?
20.20 pg. 7
Add 200’ and 1/2sm (or 800m) to the DA(H) / MDA(H) and required visibility respectively, of the higher of the two approaches used
How do you determine which derived alternate minimums to use if both the one navaid and two navaid rules apply?
This one isn’t clear in the manual, but you can apply both rules, and use the LOWER minimums of the two rules. In other words, you can use the derived alternate minimums from using whichever rules gives you lower minimums.
What’s paperwork is required before a revenue flight may block out?
20.30 pg. 1
-Dispatch or flight release
-Flight plan
-Latest available weather (METAR and TAF) at the time the captain signs the release
-Notams
-Performance information (via AWP or the Takeoff and Landing Report (TLR))
-Weight and balance manifest (via AWP or as provided by load planning)
This required paperwork may be obtained by any available means (printed, written, electronic, etc)
What should be done if the flight paperwork isn’t available via Electronic Dispatch Release (EDR)?
20.30 pg. 1
The paperwork should be printed by the Customer Service Agent and delivered to the flight crew.
What should be done for the purposes of accepting the release and signing the fit for duty statement if EDR isn’t available?
20.30 pg. 1
The printed paperwork should be physically signed by the pilots and the fit for duty paperwork should be handed to the loadmaster
How long does the release and weight and balance manifest need to be kept by dispatch?
20.30 pg. 2 - 3 months. If using EDR and AWP this data is automatically archived. If using a paper process the signed paperwork is usually kept by the departure city for the same three months, or mailed to dispatch. The paperwork normally needs to be mailed from the departure city in the case of an offline airport.
What items are contained in a dispatch/flight release?
20.32 pg. 1
1.) Company name
2.) Flight number and date
3.) Type of operation (IFR vs VFR)
4.) The departure, intermediate, destination, and alternate airports
5.) Flight plan
6.) Minimum fuel supply at takeoff
7.) The make, model, and aircraft registration number
What should be done if the names of the flight crew members are incorrect on the release?
20.32 pg. 1
Nothing needs to be done for domestic and flag operations. For SUPPLEMENTAL operations however, the names of all crew members must be listed correctly. So if they aren’t listed correctly for supplemental operations an ARTR would be required with the correct names.
Is a new release required when a flight released under IFR proceeds under VFR?
20.32 pg. 1 - No
