Vocab #6 Flashcards
ear
three parts -external -middle -inner located on the lateral sides of the head identifies, locates, and interprets sound maintains equilibrium
external ear
consists of the pinna (auricle), the external auditory canal, and the lateral surface of the tympanic membrane
brings sound into the ear and prevents infection of the ear and objects from entering it
middle ear
air-filled cavity in the temporal bone that contains the ossicles: malleus, incus, stapes
transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane mechanically to the inner ear
inner ear
contains the vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea
changes vibrations to electrical signals
responsible for balance and hearing
tympanic membrane
eardrum
separates the external and middle ear
translucent and permits visualization of the inner ear
pinna
cartilage framework of the external ear covered in skin
gathers or channels sound into the ear
ceruminous glands
glands in the external ear that produce cerumen
cerumen
earwax
lubricates the ear canal and tympanic membrane while serving as a protective barrier against foreign matter and bacteria
ossicles
three bones in the middle ear that transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane mechanically to the inner ear
vestibule (ear)
part of the inner ear
directly responsible for balance as the fluid in the semicircular canals shifts with head movement
semicircular canals
three canals (anterior, posterior, lateral) in the inner ear that are responsible for interpreting head rotation
cochlea
encodes the previous mechanical vibrations as electrical impulses that are then sent to the eighth cranial nerve
external nose
consists of bone in the proximal third of the nose and cartilage in the lower two thirds covered by thin
nasal bones arise from extension of the frontal and maxillary bones, forming the nasal bridge
the hard and soft palates form the floor of the nose and the frontal and sphenoid from the roof
humidifies, filters, and warms inspired air and serves as a passageway for expired air
internal nose
divided into two anterior cavities (vestibules) by the septum
air enters the nose through the nostrils and passes posteriorly to the nasopharynx through one of the choanae
cribiform plate
part of the ethmoid bone on the roof of the nose
houses the sensory endings of the olfactory nerve
Kiesselbach’s plexus
group of small fragile arteries and veins located on the anterior superior portion of the septum
often responsible for epistaxis (nose bleeds)
paranasal sinuses
air-filled spaces within the cranium
generally named for their location and drain into respective nasal cavities
lighten the weight of the skull bones and serve as resonators for sound production
produce mucus from the membranes that line the cavities, which drains into the nasal cavity
common site for inflammation because they are narrow and occlude easily
oral cavtiy
consists of the lips, cheeks, tongue, teeth, and salivary glands
serves as a passage for food as well as the initiation of digestion by mastication and salivary secretion
mouth and oropharynx also serve to emit air for vocalization and expiration
vestibule (oral)
area between the buccal mucosa and the outer surface of the teeth and gums
provides a space between the teeth and the lips
soft palate
muscular tissue covered by mucous membrane that plays an active role in swallowing and vocal resonance
part of the roof of the mouth
tongue
skeletal muscle covered by mucous membrane, which helps to form the floor of the mouth and is anchored to the mouth by the frenulum
papillae on its surface assist in movement of food
taste buds are contained within the papillae and allow taste
parotid glands
lies within each cheek, just anterior to the ear
largest of the salivary glands
produces saliva
submandibular glands
lie beneath the left and right mandibles at the angle of the jaw
produce saliva
sublingual glands
lie under the tongue
smallest of the three glands
produce saliva
pharynx
consists of the combined upper parts of the respiratory and digestive tracts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
filter, warm, and moisten air and conduct it into the lungs
larynx
“voice box” located in the anterior neck
functions in respiration, prevents food and saliva from entering the respiratory tract, and produces sound;
protected anteriorly by the thyroid cartilage and inferiorly by the cricoid cartilage
