Vocab #5

Question 1

globe

Answer 1

eyeball

organ used for sight

Question 2

bony orbit

Answer 2

eye socket
comprises four walls made up of seven different facial bones, connective tissue, fat, blood vessels, and nerves
-palantine, zygomatic, maxillary, sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal)

Question 3

bony orbit functions

Answer 3

houses the eye and its appendages
provides protection for the eyeball
contains the lacrimal gland which produces the tears that lubricate and rinse the surface of the eye
provides anchorage for the six small extraocular muscles that move the eye

Question 4

optic nerve

Answer 4

cranial nerve II

carry sensory information relating to vision from the retina of the eye to the brain

Question 5

conjunctiva

Answer 5

thin, essentially transparent, highly vascular mucous membrane that covers the anterior sclera and the posterior surface of both the upper and lower eyelids
distributes tears evenly across the eye

Question 6

lacrimal gland

Answer 6

gland in the eye that produces and secretes tears to lubricate the surface of the eye

Question 7

sclera

Answer 7

dense white connective tissue that makes up more than 90% of the outer layer of the eyeball and provides structure for the contents of the eyeball

Question 8

cornea

Answer 8

transparent membrane of the outer layer of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil
functions
-barrier between the environment and the aqueous humor
-clear window of the eye through which light passes

Question 9

iris

Answer 9

round pigmented contractile membrane of the eye
functions
-created the color of the eye
-contraction and expansion of the iris controls the size of the pupil, thereby regulating the amount of light reaching the retina

Question 10

lens

Answer 10

round, transparent tissue located directly behind the iris

focuses light rays entering through the pupil to form an image on the retina

Question 11

retina

Answer 11

thin, transparent membrane lining the back of the eye that receives light and sends the initial visual signal through the optic nerve to the brain

Question 12

choroid

-another name

Answer 12

choriocapillaris
vascular layer of the eye between the sclera and the retina
provides blood, oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina

Question 13

optic disk

Answer 13

visible portion of the optic nerve that can be seen when examining the eye
where the ganglion cell axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve
no light sensitive rods or cones to respond to a light stimulus
-causes the blind spot

Question 14

macula

Answer 14

minute yellowish area located near the center of the retina of the eye at which visual perception is most acute
houses the fovea

Question 15

pupil

Answer 15

round, central opening in the iris that creates a pathway for light to reach the retina
dilates or constricts to regulate the amount of light that enters the eye

Question 16

aqueous humor

Answer 16

clear fluid that fills the space between the cornea and the iris (anterior chamber)
provides oxygen to eye tissues that lack a direct blood supply and removes waste products

Question 17

vitreous humor

Answer 17

transparent gelatinous fluid that fills the space behind the lens
keeps the eyeball “inflated” in a spherical shape

Question 18

ciliary body

Answer 18

houses the zonules
-suspend the lens and control its thickness by contracting or relaxing it, allowing the image to be focused onto the retina)
connects the choroid with the iris

Question 19

fovea

Answer 19

center point of the macula
site of central vision and color perception of the eye
site of sharpest vision where cones are concentrated the most

Question 20

cones

Answer 20

color receptors
cone colors are red, green, and blue
found in the macula