Medical Issues Ch. 12 Flashcards
History for an eye exam
history of visual acuity
any pre-existing conditions
general health status
history of the present condition
location and description of symptoms
injury mechanism
inspection techniques
periorbital area -discoloration -gross deformity globe -general appearance -eyelids -conjunctiva -sclera -iris -pupil shape and size
how do you examine inside the eye
use your fingers to retract their eyelid and shine a light in to see for foreign objects
palpation areas
orbital margin
frontal bone
nasal bones
zygomatic bones
functional assessments
vision assessment -Snellen eye chart -Rosenbaum pupillary reaction to light eye motility peripheral vision ophthalmoscope
Snellen vs. Rosenbaum
Snellen: 20 feet away
Rosenbaum: 14-16 inches
pupillary reaction to light
-PEARL
pupils equal and reactive to light
eye motility
- which nerves do they test?
- how to test
occulomotor tymphatic abducens how to test -follow an object horizontal, vertical, diagonal
peripheral vision test
bring fingers in from the sides until they can see them
two others recommendations when examining the eye
examine eye ASAP, as swelling will get in the way if too much time is wasted
do not place external pressure on the eye or surrounding structures if there is a high suspicion of trauma that was severe enough to rupture the eyeball
red flags for referral
blurred vision diplopia - double foreign object protruding into the eye restricted eye movement distorted pupil hyphema unilateral pupil dilation or constriction large lacerations of the eyelids lacerations that involve the margins of the eyelids persistent floaters
refractive errors
- -cause
- types
caused by length of eye and shape or curvature of cornea
types
-myopia - hard to see distance
-hyperopia - hard to see close up
conjunctivitis
- contagious?
- other S/S
can be contagious
-viral or bacterial
other respiratory problems
conjunctivitis bacterial vs. viral
bacterial is more crusty