Medical Issues Ch. 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

History for an eye exam

A

history of visual acuity
any pre-existing conditions
general health status

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2
Q

history of the present condition

A

location and description of symptoms

injury mechanism

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3
Q

inspection techniques

A
periorbital area
-discoloration
-gross deformity
globe
-general appearance
-eyelids
-conjunctiva
-sclera
-iris
-pupil shape and size
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4
Q

how do you examine inside the eye

A

use your fingers to retract their eyelid and shine a light in to see for foreign objects

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5
Q

palpation areas

A

orbital margin
frontal bone
nasal bones
zygomatic bones

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6
Q

functional assessments

A
vision assessment
-Snellen eye chart
-Rosenbaum
pupillary reaction to light
eye motility
peripheral vision
ophthalmoscope
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7
Q

Snellen vs. Rosenbaum

A

Snellen: 20 feet away
Rosenbaum: 14-16 inches

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8
Q

pupillary reaction to light

-PEARL

A

pupils equal and reactive to light

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9
Q

eye motility

  • which nerves do they test?
  • how to test
A
occulomotor
tymphatic
abducens
how to test
-follow an object horizontal, vertical, diagonal
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10
Q

peripheral vision test

A

bring fingers in from the sides until they can see them

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11
Q

two others recommendations when examining the eye

A

examine eye ASAP, as swelling will get in the way if too much time is wasted
do not place external pressure on the eye or surrounding structures if there is a high suspicion of trauma that was severe enough to rupture the eyeball

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12
Q

red flags for referral

A
blurred vision
diplopia - double
foreign object protruding into the eye
restricted eye movement
distorted pupil
hyphema
unilateral pupil dilation or constriction
large lacerations of the eyelids
lacerations that involve the margins of the eyelids
persistent floaters
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13
Q

refractive errors

  • -cause
  • types
A

caused by length of eye and shape or curvature of cornea
types
-myopia - hard to see distance
-hyperopia - hard to see close up

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14
Q

conjunctivitis

  • contagious?
  • other S/S
A

can be contagious
-viral or bacterial
other respiratory problems

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15
Q

conjunctivitis bacterial vs. viral

A

bacterial is more crusty

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16
Q

conjunctivitis RTP

A

48-72 hours after starting antibiotic eyedrops

17
Q

stye

-S/S

A
inflammation of duct or hair follicle on the eyelid
S/S
-pain
-swelling
-redness
18
Q

glaucoma

A

increased intraocular pressure

  • build up of aqueous humor
  • can lead to damage to the optic nerve
19
Q

who is at risk for a glaucoma

A
anyone over 40
-with myopia
-diabetes
-hypertension
AAs
20
Q

eyelid laceration

-question to ask

A

bleed profusely
can you approximate the wound?
-harder to do over the eyelid

21
Q

periorbital contusions

  • DDx
  • RTP
A

black eye
test the eye early before swelling develops
DDx
-orbital fracture
-concussion
RTP
-as soon as possible if there are not major problems

22
Q

orbital fracture

-S/S

A

blow to the eye or the bones around the eye
blowout fracture
-fracture to the walls or floor of the orbit
S/S
-pain with eye movement
-possible inability to look up if bottom is fractured
-pain when blowing nose
-diplopia
refer

23
Q

dislocated contact lens

A

evert eyelid
wash with sterile saline solution
locate lens
replace once the lens is clean or with a new one

24
Q

corneal and conjunctival foreign bodies

A

may need to evert the upper eyelid to visualize the foreign bodies

25
Q

corneal abrasions

A

feels with something in the eye

can lead to decreased to vision, pain, tearing

26
Q

how to diagnose a corneal abrasion

A

fluorescein - dye
shine pen light with attachment
abrasion will be visible
will resolve within a few days to a week

27
Q

corneal laceration

A

puncture wound to the eye
“open globe”
automatic referral
can use an eye shield

28
Q

subconjunctival hemorrhage

A

benign

can occur from trauma (straining, high BP)

29
Q

hyphema

A
bleeding in the anterior chamber of the eye
not benign
shows up over the iris and pupil
S/S
pain, blurred vision
911
-keep them upright
Tx
-bedrest in an elevated position
resolve in about a week
will require eye protection
30
Q

detached retina

A
high chance of disrupting optic nerve
S/S
-"curtain" over their field of vision
-floaters
-blurred vision
can be caused by a severe jarring force
immediate referral
31
Q

retinal tears

A

similar S/S to detached retina

immediately refer

32
Q

chemical burns

A

flush continuously

refer

33
Q

traumatic iritis

A
blunt trauma
S/S
-photophobia
-sluggish pupil reaction
refer
34
Q

proptosis

A
direct trauma
bulging of the eye caused by swelling
swelling can damage the optic nerve
S/S
-bulging
-decreased motility
-diplopia
-can't close eyelids fully
-pain
-nausea
immediate referral
35
Q

ruptured globe

A
blunt trauma directly to the glove
rupture of the cornea or the sclera resulting in the inner contents spilling out
S/S
-pain
-eyeball may look out of place
-marked edema
-hyphema possibly
shield and refer