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Medical Issues in Athletic Training > Medical Issues Vocab #2 > Flashcards

Medical Issues Vocab #2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

the actions of a drug on the body

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2
Q

pharmacodynamics components

A 
mechanisms of action
drug interactions
side effects
adverse reactions
allergic reactions
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3
Q

pharmacotherapeutics

A

the study of the therapeutic uses and effects of drugs

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4
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

how the body acts on a drug

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5
Q

pharmacokinetics components

A

absorption
distribution
metabolism
elimination

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6
Q

absorption

A

process of getting the drug into the body through a variety of routes

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7
Q

absorption routes

A 
oral
rectal
vaginal
intravenous
intramuscular
inhalation
topical
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8
Q

distribution

A

the process of delivering the drug throughout the tissues and fluids of the body

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9
Q

factors that effect distribution

A

whether the drug is fat or water soluble

the drug’s ability to cross the blood-brain barrier

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10
Q

hydrophilicity

A

water solubility

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11
Q

lipophilicity

A

fat solubility

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12
Q

metabolism

A

process by which a drug is changed into one or more chemical entities that differ from the parent drug

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13
Q

metabolism primary location

A

liver

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14
Q

elimination

A

process of getting a drug out of the body

includes the elimination of the drug and its metabolites

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15
Q

elimination methods

A

renal excretion

fecal excretion

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16
Q

half-life

A

the length of time that it takes for blood levels or tissue levels of a drug to decrease by one half;

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17
Q

half-life is ___ ___ to the volume of distribution and ____ ____ to the clearance

A

directly proportional

inversely proportional

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18
Q

enteral administration

A

orally admitted

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19
Q

parenteral ddministration

A

not orally admitted

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20
Q

iontophoresis

A

the administration of a drug into the body via electricity

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21
Q

phonophoresis

A

the administration of a drug into the body via ultrasound

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22
Q

agonist drugs

A

drugs that attach to cellular receptors in the body, causing stimulation of the receptor

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23
Q

antagonist drugs

A

drugs that attach to cellular receptors in the body, causing inhibition of the receptor

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24
Q

corticosteroids

A

a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that is used to treat inflammatory and allergic diseases

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25
Q

corticosteroids divisions

A

glucocorticosteroids (carb. metabolism)

mineralocorticosteroids (regulate electrolyte imbalance)

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26
Q

prothrombin time

A

test used to time clot formation

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27
Q

prothrombin time uses

A

can detect defects in the ability of the blood to coagulate, which are usually caused by a deficiency of factor V, VII, or X

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28
Q

narcotic analgesics

A

pain-relieving agents that stimulate the opiate receptors

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29
Q

local anesthetics

A

drugs that reversibly block nerve conduction near the site of administration

30
Q

antibiotic

A

drug used to treat bacterial infections

31
Q

bactericidal

A

antibiotics that disrupt the cell wall synthesis

32
Q

bacteriostatic

A

antibiotics that inhibit further replication of the bacteria but do not cause cell death

33
Q

empirical therapy

A

treatment derived from practical experience or observation rather than the scientific method

34
Q

antivirals

A

drugs used for treating viral infections

35
Q

antifungals

A

drugs used for treating fungal infection

36
Q

bronchodilators

-used especially for…

A

a substance that opens (dilates) constricted bronchial tubes to aid breathing
used especially for asthma

37
Q

antihistamines

A

chemicals that bind to histamine ranaphylaxiseceptors, inhibiting histamine from binding to them and thus preventing the itching, rhinitis, and edema that would result

38
Q

decongestants

A

drugs that relieve mucus congestion of the upper respiratory tract

39
Q

hyperemia

A

an increase in blood flow to a body part

characterized by reddening of the skin

40
Q

anaphylaxis

A

extreme sensitivity to an injected antigen, especially a protein, as a result of a previous injection

41
Q

potentiation

A

to increase the individual action or effectiveness of two drugs by administering them in combination

42
Q

drug tolerance

A

the decrease in a patient’s reaction to a certain drug, leading to a higher dose of the drug being needed to achieve the same effect

43
Q

phytomedicine

A

the use of plants and plant components for the treatment and prevention of various health concerns

44
Q

adrenergics

A

a drug having an epinephrine effect

45
Q

antiemetics

A

a substance that is useful in the prevention of nausea or vomiting

46
Q

antitussives

A

a substance used to suppress coughing

47
Q

expectorants

A

substances that promote the expulsion of phlegm and other fluid from the respiratory tract

48
Q

sublingual or on the underside of the tongue

A

situated under the tongue

49
Q

topical

A

a drug that is administered to the outer areas of the body for a local effect rather than a systemic effect

50
Q

transdermal

A

a drug that is applied to the skin, usually in the form of a patch, and is absorbed

51
Q

epidural

A

situated on or over the dura mater of the spine

52
Q

intradermal

A

within or beneath the dura mater

53
Q

intramuscular

-why use?

A

the injection of the drug into the muscle

used when an IV is impractical

54
Q

intravenous

A

a drug that is injected directly into a vein

55
Q

Rx

A

prescription

56
Q

bid

A

dis in die; twice a day

57
Q

qid

A

quarter in die; four times a day

58
Q

tid

A

ter in die; three times a day

59
Q

prn

A

pro re nata; as needed

60
Q

APAP

A

acetaminophen

61
Q

ASA

A

acetylsalicylic acid

62
Q

med

A

medical

63
Q

ac

A

ante cibum; before a meal

64
Q

aq

A

aqua; water

65
Q

c (with a line over the top)

A

with

66
Q

dc

A

discontinued

67
Q

hs.

A

hora somni; before sleep

68
Q

p (with a line over it)

A

after

69
Q

p.c.

A

after meals

70
Q

PO

A

by mouth

71
Q

q.d.

A

quaque die; every day

72
Q

q.h.

A

quaque hora; every hour

Medical Issues in Athletic Training (26 decks)

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