Medical Issues Vocab #2 Flashcards
pharmacodynamics
the actions of a drug on the body
pharmacodynamics components
mechanisms of action drug interactions side effects adverse reactions allergic reactions
pharmacotherapeutics
the study of the therapeutic uses and effects of drugs
pharmacokinetics
how the body acts on a drug
pharmacokinetics components
absorption
distribution
metabolism
elimination
absorption
process of getting the drug into the body through a variety of routes
absorption routes
oral rectal vaginal intravenous intramuscular inhalation topical
distribution
the process of delivering the drug throughout the tissues and fluids of the body
factors that effect distribution
whether the drug is fat or water soluble
the drug’s ability to cross the blood-brain barrier
hydrophilicity
water solubility
lipophilicity
fat solubility
metabolism
process by which a drug is changed into one or more chemical entities that differ from the parent drug
metabolism primary location
liver
elimination
process of getting a drug out of the body
includes the elimination of the drug and its metabolites
elimination methods
renal excretion
fecal excretion
half-life
the length of time that it takes for blood levels or tissue levels of a drug to decrease by one half;
half-life is ___ ___ to the volume of distribution and ____ ____ to the clearance
directly proportional
inversely proportional
enteral administration
orally admitted
parenteral ddministration
not orally admitted
iontophoresis
the administration of a drug into the body via electricity
phonophoresis
the administration of a drug into the body via ultrasound
agonist drugs
drugs that attach to cellular receptors in the body, causing stimulation of the receptor
antagonist drugs
drugs that attach to cellular receptors in the body, causing inhibition of the receptor
corticosteroids
a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that is used to treat inflammatory and allergic diseases
corticosteroids divisions
glucocorticosteroids (carb. metabolism)
mineralocorticosteroids (regulate electrolyte imbalance)
prothrombin time
test used to time clot formation
prothrombin time uses
can detect defects in the ability of the blood to coagulate, which are usually caused by a deficiency of factor V, VII, or X
narcotic analgesics
pain-relieving agents that stimulate the opiate receptors
local anesthetics
drugs that reversibly block nerve conduction near the site of administration
antibiotic
drug used to treat bacterial infections
bactericidal
antibiotics that disrupt the cell wall synthesis
bacteriostatic
antibiotics that inhibit further replication of the bacteria but do not cause cell death
empirical therapy
treatment derived from practical experience or observation rather than the scientific method
antivirals
drugs used for treating viral infections
antifungals
drugs used for treating fungal infection
bronchodilators
-used especially for…
a substance that opens (dilates) constricted bronchial tubes to aid breathing
used especially for asthma
antihistamines
chemicals that bind to histamine ranaphylaxiseceptors, inhibiting histamine from binding to them and thus preventing the itching, rhinitis, and edema that would result
decongestants
drugs that relieve mucus congestion of the upper respiratory tract
hyperemia
an increase in blood flow to a body part
characterized by reddening of the skin
anaphylaxis
extreme sensitivity to an injected antigen, especially a protein, as a result of a previous injection
potentiation
to increase the individual action or effectiveness of two drugs by administering them in combination
drug tolerance
the decrease in a patient’s reaction to a certain drug, leading to a higher dose of the drug being needed to achieve the same effect
phytomedicine
the use of plants and plant components for the treatment and prevention of various health concerns
adrenergics
a drug having an epinephrine effect
antiemetics
a substance that is useful in the prevention of nausea or vomiting
antitussives
a substance used to suppress coughing
expectorants
substances that promote the expulsion of phlegm and other fluid from the respiratory tract
sublingual or on the underside of the tongue
situated under the tongue
topical
a drug that is administered to the outer areas of the body for a local effect rather than a systemic effect
transdermal
a drug that is applied to the skin, usually in the form of a patch, and is absorbed
epidural
situated on or over the dura mater of the spine
intradermal
within or beneath the dura mater
intramuscular
-why use?
the injection of the drug into the muscle
used when an IV is impractical
intravenous
a drug that is injected directly into a vein
Rx
prescription
bid
dis in die; twice a day
qid
quarter in die; four times a day
tid
ter in die; three times a day
prn
pro re nata; as needed
APAP
acetaminophen
ASA
acetylsalicylic acid
med
medical
ac
ante cibum; before a meal
aq
aqua; water
c (with a line over the top)
with
dc
discontinued
hs.
hora somni; before sleep
p (with a line over it)
after
p.c.
after meals
PO
by mouth
q.d.
quaque die; every day
q.h.
quaque hora; every hour
