Medical Issues Cardiovascular Pathology Flashcards
heart failure
decrease in cardiac output -heart has developed an insufficient heart pump hear failure can be -left -right -acute -chronic acute is immediately life threatening chronic heart failure displays gradual but systemic failure
heart failure S/S
cyanosis
shortness of breath
low BP
myocardial ischemia
- S/S
- may be cause by
decreased blood supply to the myocardium S/S -angina -dyspnea -snycope coronary artery disease can cause this -the myocardium can become ischemic and necrotic causing a myocardial infarction
myocardial infarction
-S/S
most MI's happen during moderate to heavy activity S/S -angina -fatigue -dizziness -syncope quick response and referral is necessary
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
enlargement of the heart -general -left ventricle leads to -heart failure -ischemic damage -fatal arrhythmia pathological -LV wall thickness > 15mm leading cause of SCD
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy S/S
syncope angina dyspnea murmur that increases with Valsalva Maneuver family history
valve disorders
- stenosis or prolapse
- sports participation
stenosis or prolapse -stenosis: narrowing of the valve; restricts blood flow -prolapse: allows backflow of blood often allowed to participate in sports may result in arrhythmias -withheld from sports
MVP
mitral valve prolapse
most common valve abnormality
paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)
intermittently rapid resting HR (>150 bpm)
attack: palpitations, anxiety, dyspnea, chest pain, syncope
may last several minutes or hours
not dangerous
Marfan’s Syndrome
genetic defect that leads to abnormalities in the body's connective tissue signs -tall stature and long extremities -pectus deformity -scoliosis -spontaneous pneumothorax -myopic (nearsighted) 80-90% will develop fatal artery abnormalities
Marfan’s Syndrome complications
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
Aortic Valve Disease
Aortic Rupture
-vessel walls weaken and dilate
Marfan’s diagnosis
hard
complete family hx is important
commotio cordis
sudden blow to the chest
during repolarization
15% resuscitation rate without immediate AED application
congenital abnormalities of coronary arteries
abnormal origin of the left main coronary artery
-may cause a “kinking” of the artery or force it to pass through the aorta and pulmonary artery
–blood flow is restricted to the heart tissue
S/S
-Chest pain
-arrhythmias
-syncope
congenital abnormalities of coronary arteries
Hypoplasia (underdevelopment) of the R and L circumflex coronary arteries
absence of the left coronary artery
myocardial bridging
-artery goes through tissue instead of over the top
testing
-ECG
-treadmill stress test (if both are +, further investigate)
coronary angiography
