Medical Issues Vocab #3

Question 1

integument

Answer 1

the skin

the largest organ of the body

Question 2

epidermis

Answer 2

outermost layer of skin

five layers

Question 3

layers of epidermis

Answer 3

stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum

Question 4

dermis

Answer 4

middle layer of skin

composed of a papillary layer and a reticular layer

Question 5

hypodermis

Answer 5

deepest layer of skin (subcutaneous layer)

made of connective tissue (binds the dermis to the deeper structures) and adipose (insulation and cushioning)

Question 6

stratum basale

Answer 6

consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells that undergo mitosis
contains pigment-producing melanocytes
form the new cells for the skin

Question 7

stratum spinosum

Answer 7

composed of several layers of cells with centrally located, large, oval nuclei and spinelike processes
limited mitosis
provides strength and flexibility to the skin

Question 8

stratum granulosum

Answer 8

composed of one or more layers of granular cells that contain fibers of keratin and shriveled nuclei

Question 9

stratum lucidum

Answer 9

a thin, clear layer found only in the epidermis of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
adds a layer of protection to the skin

Question 10

stratum corneum

Answer 10

consists of may layers of keratinized, dead cells that are flattened and nonnucleated; cornified

Question 11

primary lesion

Answer 11

physical changes in the skin considered to be caused directly by the disease process

Question 12

secondary lesion

Answer 12

lesions that may evolve from primary lesions, or may be caused by external forces such as scratching, trauma, infection, or the healing process

Question 13

macule

Answer 13

a circumscribed spot up to 1 cm
not palpable
not elevated above or depressed below surrounding skin
hypopigmented, hyerpigmented, or erythematous

Question 14

macule examples

Answer 14

freckles
cafe au lain spots
Mongolian spots

Question 15

papule

Answer 15

bump
palpable and circumscribed
elevated and less than 5 mm in diameter
may be pigmented, erythematous, or flesh-tones

Question 16

papule example

Answer 16

mole (elevated nevus)

Question 17

nodule

Answer 17

lesion similar to a papule
diameter of 5mm to 2 cm
may have a significant palpable dermal component

Question 18

nodule examples

Answer 18

fibroma
xanthoma
intradermal nevi

Question 19

tumor

Answer 19

any mass lesion
generally larger than a nodule
may be either malignant or benign

Question 20

tumor example

Answer 20

lipoma

Question 21

plaque

Answer 21

usually well-circumscribed lesion with large surface area and slight elevation

Question 22

plaque examples

Answer 22

psoriasis

lichen planus

Question 23

wheal

Answer 23

elevation of the skin
smooth surface and sloping borders
usually light pink color
caused by acute areas of edema in the skin
may appear, disappear, or change form abruptly within minutes or hours
size ranges from 3 mm to 20 mm

Question 24

wheal example

Answer 24

mosquito bite

Question 25

vesicle

Answer 25

``` small blister up to 5 mm in diameter fluid collection may be subcorneal intraepidermal subepidermal ```

Question 26

vesicle example

Answer 26

herpes simplex (early stages)

Question 27

bulla

Answer 27

blister larger than 5 mm | fluid may be located at various levels

Question 28

bulla examples

Answer 28

pemphigus | pemphigoid

Question 29

pustule

Answer 29

an elevated, well-circumscribed lesion containing purulent exudates

Question 30

pustule example

Answer 30

acne vulgaris

Question 31

erosion

Answer 31

loss of epidermis that does not extend into dermis

Question 32

erosion example

Answer 32

ruptured chickenpox vesicle

Question 33

ulcer

Answer 33

loss of skin through the epidermis | healing results in scar formation

Question 34

ulcer example

Answer 34

stasis ulcer

Question 35

fissure

Answer 35

a split in all epidermal layers of skin

Question 36

fissure example

Answer 36

athlete's foot

Question 37

atrophy

Answer 37

diminution of epidermal surface skin looks thinner and more translucent than normal atrophy of the dermal layers may result in wasting or depression of the skin surface

Question 38

atrophy example

Answer 38

arterial insufficiency

Question 39

excoriation

Answer 39

loss of outer skin layers from scratching or rubbing

Question 40

excoriation example

Answer 40

scratched insect bite

Question 41

crust

Answer 41

collection of serous exudates and debris on the surface of damages or absent outer skin layers

Question 42

crust examples

Answer 42

impetigo

Question 43

scale

Answer 43

a compact portion of desquamation stratum corneum | may vary in size, thickness, and consistency

Question 44

scale examples

Answer 44

``` psoriasis scale (compact and thick) pityriasis rosea scale (thin and small) ```

Question 45

lichenification

Answer 45

epidermal thickening and roughening of the skin with increased visibility of skin surface furrows

Question 46

lichenification examples

Answer 46

chronic atopic dermatitis

Question 47

scar

Answer 47

a collection of fibrous tissue that forms to replace lost epidermal and dermal tissue

Question 48

scar examples

Answer 48

surgical scar | acne scar

Question 49

keloid

Answer 49

augmentation of scar tissue, creating a significant elevation on the skin surface after healing

Question 50

keloid example

Answer 50

postsurgical scar | postacne scar

Question 51

ultraviolet radiation

Answer 51

invisible rays that are part of the energy that comes from the sun may burn the skin and cause skin cancer

Question 52

solar

Answer 52

of or pertaining to the sun

Question 53

sebaceous

Answer 53

an object that secretes a fatty substance

Question 54

mole

Answer 54

a small spot or blemish on the skin usually dark, slightly elevated, and sometimes hairy -papule

Question 55

xeroderma pigmentosum (XP)

Answer 55

a genetic disease characterized by such extraordinary sensitivity to sunlight that it results in the development of skin cancer at an early age

Question 56

abscess

Answer 56

a local accumulation of pus anywhere in the body

Question 57

furuncle

Answer 57

also knows as a boil | tender, dome-shaped skin lesion caused by an infection around a hair follicle with Staphlococcus aureus

Question 58

carbuncle

Answer 58

collection of pus that forms in the skin | -skin abscess

Question 59

functions of the integumentary system

Answer 59

``` blood reservoir protects the body's internal living tissues and organs helps with vitamin D synthesis storage of nutrients excretion (some absorption) transdermal drug administration body temp. regulation cutaneous sensations ```

Question 60

three prevention strategies for skin conditions and infections

Answer 60

- clean environment - hand hygiene - overall hygiene - no sharing - no open cuts in whirlpools - report all open wounds and lesions to an ATC