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Medical Issues in Athletic Training > Medical Issues Vocab #3 > Flashcards

Medical Issues Vocab #3 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

integument

A

the skin

the largest organ of the body

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2
Q

epidermis

A

outermost layer of skin

five layers

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3
Q

layers of epidermis

A 
stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum
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4
Q

dermis

A

middle layer of skin

composed of a papillary layer and a reticular layer

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5
Q

hypodermis

A

deepest layer of skin (subcutaneous layer)

made of connective tissue (binds the dermis to the deeper structures) and adipose (insulation and cushioning)

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6
Q

stratum basale

A

consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells that undergo mitosis
contains pigment-producing melanocytes
form the new cells for the skin

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7
Q

stratum spinosum

A

composed of several layers of cells with centrally located, large, oval nuclei and spinelike processes
limited mitosis
provides strength and flexibility to the skin

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8
Q

stratum granulosum

A

composed of one or more layers of granular cells that contain fibers of keratin and shriveled nuclei

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9
Q

stratum lucidum

A

a thin, clear layer found only in the epidermis of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
adds a layer of protection to the skin

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10
Q

stratum corneum

A

consists of may layers of keratinized, dead cells that are flattened and nonnucleated; cornified

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11
Q

primary lesion

A

physical changes in the skin considered to be caused directly by the disease process

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12
Q

secondary lesion

A

lesions that may evolve from primary lesions, or may be caused by external forces such as scratching, trauma, infection, or the healing process

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13
Q

macule

A

a circumscribed spot up to 1 cm
not palpable
not elevated above or depressed below surrounding skin
hypopigmented, hyerpigmented, or erythematous

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14
Q

macule examples

A

freckles
cafe au lain spots
Mongolian spots

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15
Q

papule

A

bump
palpable and circumscribed
elevated and less than 5 mm in diameter
may be pigmented, erythematous, or flesh-tones

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16
Q

papule example

A

mole (elevated nevus)

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17
Q

nodule

A

lesion similar to a papule
diameter of 5mm to 2 cm
may have a significant palpable dermal component

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18
Q

nodule examples

A

fibroma
xanthoma
intradermal nevi

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19
Q

tumor

A

any mass lesion
generally larger than a nodule
may be either malignant or benign

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20
Q

tumor example

A

lipoma

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21
Q

plaque

A

usually well-circumscribed lesion with large surface area and slight elevation

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22
Q

plaque examples

A

psoriasis

lichen planus

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23
Q

wheal

A

elevation of the skin
smooth surface and sloping borders
usually light pink color
caused by acute areas of edema in the skin
may appear, disappear, or change form abruptly within minutes or hours
size ranges from 3 mm to 20 mm

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24
Q

wheal example

A

mosquito bite

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25
Q

vesicle

A 
small blister
up to 5 mm in diameter
fluid collection may be subcorneal
intraepidermal
subepidermal
26
Q

vesicle example

A

herpes simplex (early stages)

27
Q

bulla

A

blister larger than 5 mm

fluid may be located at various levels

28
Q

bulla examples

A

pemphigus

pemphigoid

29
Q

pustule

A

an elevated, well-circumscribed lesion containing purulent exudates

30
Q

pustule example

A

acne vulgaris

31
Q

erosion

A

loss of epidermis that does not extend into dermis

32
Q

erosion example

A

ruptured chickenpox vesicle

33
Q

ulcer

A

loss of skin through the epidermis

healing results in scar formation

34
Q

ulcer example

A

stasis ulcer

35
Q

fissure

A

a split in all epidermal layers of skin

36
Q

fissure example

A

athlete’s foot

37
Q

atrophy

A

diminution of epidermal surface
skin looks thinner and more translucent than normal
atrophy of the dermal layers may result in wasting or depression of the skin surface

38
Q

atrophy example

A

arterial insufficiency

39
Q

excoriation

A

loss of outer skin layers from scratching or rubbing

40
Q

excoriation example

A

scratched insect bite

41
Q

crust

A

collection of serous exudates and debris on the surface of damages or absent outer skin layers

42
Q

crust examples

A

impetigo

43
Q

scale

A

a compact portion of desquamation stratum corneum

may vary in size, thickness, and consistency

44
Q

scale examples

A 
psoriasis scale (compact and thick)
pityriasis rosea scale (thin and small)
45
Q

lichenification

A

epidermal thickening and roughening of the skin with increased visibility of skin surface furrows

46
Q

lichenification examples

A

chronic atopic dermatitis

47
Q

scar

A

a collection of fibrous tissue that forms to replace lost epidermal and dermal tissue

48
Q

scar examples

A

surgical scar

acne scar

49
Q

keloid

A

augmentation of scar tissue, creating a significant elevation on the skin surface after healing

50
Q

keloid example

A

postsurgical scar

postacne scar

51
Q

ultraviolet radiation

A

invisible rays that are part of the energy that comes from the sun
may burn the skin and cause skin cancer

52
Q

solar

A

of or pertaining to the sun

53
Q

sebaceous

A

an object that secretes a fatty substance

54
Q

mole

A

a small spot or blemish on the skin
usually dark, slightly elevated, and sometimes hairy
-papule

55
Q

xeroderma pigmentosum (XP)

A

a genetic disease characterized by such extraordinary sensitivity to sunlight that it results in the development of skin cancer at an early age

56
Q

abscess

A

a local accumulation of pus anywhere in the body

57
Q

furuncle

A

also knows as a boil

tender, dome-shaped skin lesion caused by an infection around a hair follicle with Staphlococcus aureus

58
Q

carbuncle

A

collection of pus that forms in the skin

-skin abscess

59
Q

functions of the integumentary system

A 
blood reservoir
protects the body's internal living tissues and organs
helps with vitamin D synthesis
storage of nutrients
excretion (some absorption)
transdermal drug administration
body temp. regulation
cutaneous sensations
60
Q

three prevention strategies for skin conditions and infections

A
  • clean environment
  • hand hygiene
  • overall hygiene
  • no sharing
  • no open cuts in whirlpools
  • report all open wounds and lesions to an ATC

Medical Issues in Athletic Training (26 decks)

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