Medical Issues Ch. 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

coronary arteries origin

A

base of aorta

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2
Q

electrical activity of the heart

A

begins at the SA node
travels through atrial walls to AV node
moves to the bundle of His
distributed to Purkinje fibers

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3
Q

depolarization

A

electrical impulse

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4
Q

repolarization

A

back to normal

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5
Q

P-wave

A

electrical impulse traveling through the atrium

-atrial depolarization

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6
Q

QRS complex

A

ventricular depolarization

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7
Q

S-T segment

A

ventricular repolarization

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8
Q

T-wave

A

ventricular repolarization

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9
Q

cardiac components of PPE

A
BP
pulse ox.
auscultation
HR
family Hx
-any cardiac disease
--CVD
--cardiac death before 50
personal cardiac history
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10
Q

cardiac pathology S/S

A
chest pain
dyspnea
fatigue
palpitations
syncope
claudication
skin and nail temperature, color and appearance
edema
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11
Q

chest pain

A

angina
-due to myocardial ischemia
can have referred pain to L arm/shoulder with HR

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12
Q

dyspnea

A

shortness of breath

-decreased cardiac output

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13
Q

palpitations

A

“heart fluttering”
heart “skips” a beat”
disruption of electrical rhythm

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14
Q

syncope

A
orthostatic (peripheral dilation)
-stand up too fast
-BP drops as blood moves out to the extremities
increased intracranial pressure
-head injuries
heart failure
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15
Q

claudication

A

impaired gait specifically from decreased blood flow

cramping/pain

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16
Q

edema

A

patients with heart failure

17
Q

medical history and physical exam.

A
family and personal history
symptoms
inspection
heart rate
respiratory rate
BP - 120/80
-hypertension - 
auscultation
18
Q

factors related to hypertension

A

diet and exercise

19
Q

what is athlete’s heart

A

the concept that the heart of athletes enlarges as a result of cardiovascular training

20
Q

normal physiological response to exercise

  • acute
  • chronic
A
acute
-increased HR and SV
-increased systolic BP
-increased breathing
chronic
-decreased HR
-decreased breathing
-decreased BP
21
Q

SCD common causes

A

HCM - hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
sickle cell trait/anemia
commotio cordis
coronary artery abnormalities

22
Q

what is the grey area between HCM and athlete’s heart

A
arrhythmias
-benign in AH
structural changes
-HCM: cavity size and wall thickness increase
-AH: only wall thickness increases
23
Q

COD for HCM

A

heart failure
ischemic damage
fatal arrhythmias

24
Q

why does this matter?

A

education
liability
responsibility
prevention