Medical Issues Ch. 8 Flashcards
coronary arteries origin
base of aorta
electrical activity of the heart
begins at the SA node
travels through atrial walls to AV node
moves to the bundle of His
distributed to Purkinje fibers
depolarization
electrical impulse
repolarization
back to normal
P-wave
electrical impulse traveling through the atrium
-atrial depolarization
QRS complex
ventricular depolarization
S-T segment
ventricular repolarization
T-wave
ventricular repolarization
cardiac components of PPE
BP pulse ox. auscultation HR family Hx -any cardiac disease --CVD --cardiac death before 50 personal cardiac history
cardiac pathology S/S
chest pain dyspnea fatigue palpitations syncope claudication skin and nail temperature, color and appearance edema
chest pain
angina
-due to myocardial ischemia
can have referred pain to L arm/shoulder with HR
dyspnea
shortness of breath
-decreased cardiac output
palpitations
“heart fluttering”
heart “skips” a beat”
disruption of electrical rhythm
syncope
orthostatic (peripheral dilation) -stand up too fast -BP drops as blood moves out to the extremities increased intracranial pressure -head injuries heart failure
claudication
impaired gait specifically from decreased blood flow
cramping/pain
edema
patients with heart failure
medical history and physical exam.
family and personal history symptoms inspection heart rate respiratory rate BP - 120/80 -hypertension - auscultation
factors related to hypertension
diet and exercise
what is athlete’s heart
the concept that the heart of athletes enlarges as a result of cardiovascular training
normal physiological response to exercise
- acute
- chronic
acute -increased HR and SV -increased systolic BP -increased breathing chronic -decreased HR -decreased breathing -decreased BP
SCD common causes
HCM - hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
sickle cell trait/anemia
commotio cordis
coronary artery abnormalities
what is the grey area between HCM and athlete’s heart
arrhythmias -benign in AH structural changes -HCM: cavity size and wall thickness increase -AH: only wall thickness increases
COD for HCM
heart failure
ischemic damage
fatal arrhythmias
why does this matter?
education
liability
responsibility
prevention
