Medical Issues Vocab #1 Flashcards
adventitious
coming from an external source
occurring spontaneously
afebrile
without a fever
biopsy
removal and examination of tissue
comorbid
two or more possibly unrelated medical conditions existing at the same time
constitutional
relating to the body as a whole
erythema
redness of the skin brought about by capillary dilation
febrile
having a fever
malaise
a general feeling of discomfort or uneasiness
often the first symptom of an ilness or infection
fatigue and weakness
morbidity
consequences of a given illness
mortality
death from a particular illness or disease
pallative
reducing the severity of an illness or treatment of disease without curing it
prodromal
preillness symptoms
purulent
pus filled
sequelae
a condition occurring as a consequence of a given illness or disease
suppurative
pus forming
pathology
medical science concerned with disease including structural and functional changes
pathogenesis
the underlying cause of a disease
etiology
the study of pathogenesis
sign
something that the clinician can see or feel in the patient
symptom
something the patient feels, but the clinician can’t
diagnosis
the determination of the problem using all available information
prognosis
a prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease
pallow
unusual or extreme paleness
snycope
brief loss of consciousness, typically due to a lack of oxygen flow to the brain
height
-best way to measure
stadiometer or tape measure fastened to the wall
shoes off with the weight on the heels
weight
-best way to measure
measure confidentially
no shoes or excess clothing
heart rate norm
60-72
BP norm
120/80
respiration norm
12 to 20 bpm
temperature norms
- oral
- rectal
- tympanic
oral: 96.4-99.1
rectal: higher by .4 to .5 C
tympanic: higher by .8 C
percussion
the process of assessing sounds transmitted through the organs and cavities of the body
sound is generated by tapping
palpation
the use of the hands and fingers to gain information about a patient’s condition through the sense of touch
auscultation
a technique used to listen to the sounds of the internal organs such as the lungs and heart
typically done using a stethoscope
OSHA
-purpose
Occupation Safety and Health Administration
purpose
-set standards to protect health care professionals and their patients
Standard of Care
the expected level of care that one is obligated to give based on their training and certification
duty to act
the obligation of the health care provider to provide appropriate care to a patient
negligence
conduct falling below an established and expected standard of care validated by law for the protection of others that causes harm as a result
HIPAA
-purpose
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
purpose
-protects patient privacy
-oversees medical records
-allows patients more control over how and to whom their personal health information is disclosed
FERPA
-purpose
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
purpose
-protects the privacy of student education records
-applies to any school receiving funds from the U.S. Department of Education.
ICD
-purpose
International Classification of Diseases
purpose
-medical classification system that links diagnosis-related groups for the purpose of cataloging and medical recordkeeping
CPT
-purpose
Current Procedural Terminology
-provides a set of billing codes, descriptions and guidelines associated with procedures and services used by health care professionals
PPE
-purpose
exam done of athlete before allowed to participate in a specific sport
purpose
-identifies any potential or correctable conditions that may impair the athlete’s ability to fully perform
DC
doctor of chiropractic
DPM
doctor of podiatry
RD
registered dietitian
LPN
licensed practical nurse
PhD
psychologist
diagnostic imaging
-purpose
special images produced by radiologists and radiology technicians to determine specific medical conditions
purpose
-provide an internal view of anatomical structures
diagnostic testing
medical tests that are performed primarily in a laboratory setting and include blood, urine and cardiovascular tests
X-ray
form of electromagnetic radiation that allows viewing of internal structures when passed through a patient
AP view
x-ray image taken from the anterior to posterior side of the patient
radionuclide bone scan
nuclear imaging test involving the injection of a short-lived radionuclide to assess abnormalities of the bones
fluoroscopy
-primary use
types of radiography that can be performed when the clinician wants to see a “live” image to determine the size shape and movement of tissue
primary use
-quick and noninvasive means of determining whether a fracture has occurred
Computed Tomography (CT)
combines specialized high-resolution radiography with computers to give better visualization of internal structures in cross-sections or three dimensions
positron emission tomography (PET) scan
- capabilities
- purposes
examines the cell matebolism and biochemistry of tissue and organs
capabilities
-able to identify abnormal metabolic activity before it becomes apparent on a CT scan or by magnetic resonance imaging
purposes
-used to identify certain types of cancer, thyroid conditions, infections and bleeding and to evaluate kidney function
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
-purpose
applies a magnetic field to the body to align the body’s atoms to form radio waves when released
purpose
-provides detailed information about organs, soft tissue, bones, tumors, bleeding and infection
diagnostic ultrasound (sonography)
consists of high-frequency sound waves that penetrate the body to produce images of internal structures in “real” time
echocardiogram (ECHO)
-performed with what
a diagnostic ultrasound that examines the heart
conjoined with an EKG
electromyography (EMG) purpose
measures the electrical activity in a muscle
-used to determine the cause of muscle weakness and abnormal nerve conduction
nerve conduction study
- purpose
- performed with what?
purpose
-measures the electrical signals of a muscle’s nerve
used with
-EMG
electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) purpose
determines whether the electrical activity of the heart is normal
holter monitor
- works the same as
- traces…
worn by a patient to monitor the heart’s electrical activity
works in the same manner as an EKG
traces the electircal activity of the heart
cardiac stress test
-uses
looks at the heart’s rhythm during exercise in a controlled environment
grade or intensity of the exercise increases at 3-minute intervals
uses
-identify
–coronary artery disease
—ischemia
–angina
-monitor the functional capacity of patients with heart disease
laparoscopy
-purpose
invasive procedure in which a small incision is made in the abdomen and a scope is inserted into the incision to view the inside of the abdomen
purpose
-allows the surgeon to see the internal structures of the abdomen and to determine any abnormalities
colonoscopy
-purpose
invasive procedure done to examine the colon and rectum for abnormalities
purpose
-used to examine the patient for any early indication of colon cancer or polps
urinalysis
-can indicate…
urine test to determine pH, protein, glucose, ketone, bilirubin, hemoglobin, nitrite, leukocytes, urobilinogen, and specific gravity levels can indicate -urinary tract infection -diabetes -starvation -liver problems -intravascular hemolysis -bleeding into the renal system -renal/glomerular damage
complete blood count (CBC)
-purpose
presents a microscopic review of a blood sample
purpose
-basic screening test to indicate the overall health of a person and to provide information regarding the ration of cells per volume of blood
pulse oximeter
- purpose
- values
measures the amount of oxygen saturation in a person’s blood
purpose
-determines if a patient may benefit from supplemental oxygen
values
-95-100%: good
-85-95: hypoxia
-below 85: critical
sites of all palpable pulse sites
temporal artery carotid artery brachial artery radial artery ulnar artery femoral artery popliteal artery posterior tibial artery dorsalis pedis artery
