Medical Issues Ch. Pulmonary System and Conditions Flashcards

Question

asthma cont.

Answer 1

``` onset -begins early, genetic predisposition to severe allergic responses causes -allergens -infection -cold/dry air -emotional states -exercise Tx -patient education is important -limit inflammation (corticostaroids) -treat bronchospasms (short and long acting beta-2 agonist) -control symptoms -prevent exacerbation by controlling known triggers ```

Answer 2

``` seated position take deep breaths exhale through pursed lips (whistle) tell them to remain calm administer inhaler ER is all else fails ```

Answer 3

pneumothorax acute right heart failure hypoxia

Answer 4

exercise-induced asthma more common than asthma -15% of the population -90% of people with asthma -35-40% of people with allergies occurs 5-10 minutes into exercise, worsens with activity spontaneous recovery occurs 30-60 minutes after stopping exercise

Answer 5

``` triggers -cold, dry air -allergens -pollutions -infection S/S -unusual dyspnea -central chest pain during exercise -coughing ```

Answer 6

similar to an asthma attack remove from exercise reassure assess and monitor

Answer 7

cyanosis syncope symptoms >60 minutes

Answer 8

albuterol (proventil, ventolin) bronchodilators can also prevent the tightening of the muscle around the airways caused by asthma triggers

Answer 9

inhaled nebulizer or MDI take 2 puffs from a MDI 2-3 minutes apart, not more often than every 4 hours apart can take up to 30 minutes for effects to occur athlete may need to get on field earlier than most to warm up side effects -jittery

Answer 10

``` most common for chronic asthma sufferers will only fix the problem of inflammation, not bronchoconstriction comes in inhaled and oral forms -inhaled for more chronic -oral for acute exacerbation other names -Vanceril DS -Flovent -Axmacort ```

Answer 11

not to be a substitute for corticosteroids used in addition to corticosteroids effects can diminish after even a month of use other names -Serevent -Foradil great for multi-sport or for young kids who play all day long

Answer 12

``` breathing disorder + chronic use of NSAIDs produces an abnormal immune response S/S -flushing -urticaria -cough, croup (deep "honking" cough) -stridor --harsh wheezing sound -hypotension & tachycardia (shock) ```

Answer 13

administer Epipen | call 911

Answer 14

``` caused by infection or irritant that produces an inflammatory response -most commonly viral early S/S -fever -nonproductive cough -sore throat -chest pain progresses to -productive cough -wheezing treatment -cough suppressants -rest -hydration ```

Answer 15

caused by prolonged or repeated exposure to irritants inflammation of the bronchial mucous membranes S/S -wheezing -dyspnea -cough that is more productive in the mornings and evenings symptoms present from 3 months - 2 years treatment -avoid irritants

Answer 16

every year more than 60,000 Americans die of pneumonia infection and inflammation in the lungs recognition and early treatment is the best option

Answer 17

inflammation of the pleura may develop secondary to other infections fluid can accumulate at the site of the inflammation can cause coughing, dyspnea, tachypnea, cyanosis, and retractions diagnosis -auscultation -pain at one site with laughing, coughing

Answer 18

``` chest X-ray CBC chest CT or ultrasound thoracentesis important to look for underlying pathology ```

Answer 19

``` the "Flu" viral S/S -high fever -headache/body aches -cough -chest pain -shortness of breath -fatigue -loss of appetite -nasal congestion -sore throat refer when -close contact with other person's diagnosed influenza -symptomatic diagnosis -clinincal grounds mainly -antigen testing -CBC's -sputum cultures -fever is generally the hallmark ```

Answer 20

rhinovirus very easily spread through cough or sneeze mild symptoms very similar to influenza but don't last as long secondary bacterial infection can happen 7-10 day duration

Answer 21

``` highly contagious bacterial infection -mycobacterium tuberculosis airborne droplets cause infection immunocompromised people are more likely to get active TB S/S -fatigue -fever -weight loss -cough -hemoptysis -shortness of breath/wheezing diagnosis -skin test -symptomatic -positive radiograph ```

Answer 22

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a classification of diseases involving partially blocked airways -asthma -bronchitis -emphysema -cystic fibrosis decreased vital capacity, increased CO2, decreased O2, thus disrupting the diffusion gradient across the alveoli

Answer 23

complication of chronic pulmonary disease + prolonged smoking causes destruction of alveolar walls, capillaries, and lung elasticity S/S -SOB -increased exhalation effort -infection -Cor pulmonale (right sided heart failure) irreversible, poor prognosis