Medical Issues Ch. 5 Flashcards
administration vs. dispensing
administration: physically helping the patient take it
dispensing: handing it to the patient
what medications can ATs dispense
only OTCs
what needs to be recorded when dispensing?
name date reason they're taking it medication name dosage/quantity lot number initials or signature
NSAID
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
how do NSAIDs work
cyclooygenase (COX) inhibitors
COX enzymes produce prostaglandins
-increase sensitivity to pain
inhibiting COX function leads to inhibiting inflammation
two types of COX
COX-1 -regulate bodily functions (platelet production, renal function, etc.) COX-2 -inflammatory process -pain -fever
problem with NSAID
inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2, which can lead to GI problems
NSAID common uses
acuts and chronic inflammatory conditions
also used as an analgesic and antipyretic (reduces fever)
common NSAIDs
ibuprofen -Addaprin, Advil, Motrin -400 mg every 4-6 hours naproxen sodium -Aleve, Anaprox -250 mg every 6-8 hours diclofenac -Voltaren -50 mg, tid celecoxib (selective COX-2 inhibitor) -Celebrex -100-200 mg, bid
NSAID
- side effects
- contraindications
- interactions
side effects -GI irritation renal system side effects contraindications -caution with individuals with GI issues interactions -NSAIDs should not be taken together
corticosteroids
- type
- administration route
anti-inflammatory
multiple forms/uses/routes of administration
corticosteroid common indications/drugs
hydrocortisone
- indication: dermatological
- administration: topical
dexamethasone indications and admin
dexamethasone
- indication: asthma, chronic inflammation
- -admin: tablet/capsule
- indication: asthma
- -admin: oral inhalation
- indication: rhinitis (inflammation of the mucus membranes)
- -admin: nasal inhalation
- indication: chronic inflammatory conditions
- -admin: injection
corticosteroid side effects
restlessness dizziness sleeplessness changes in skin color unusual hair growth
analgesic
-what is it?
anything that reduces pain
most common analgesic + info
acetominophen
- Tylenol
- 625-1000 mg every 4-6 hours
- side effects: increased potential for liver problems
- contraindications: should not be taken with blood thinners
analgesic - narcotics and opiates
controlled substances indications: post-op pain, severe musculoskeletal pain, some cancers side effects: drowsiness and euphoria narcotics: OxyContin, Demerol opiates: morphine, codeine
antibiotics function
rids the body of bacterial infection
antibiotics classification
- what type of classification?
- classes
classified by their mechanism of action types -bacterialcidal: kills the bacteria --Penicillin -bacteriostatic: inhibits the growth of bacteria --Cipro
antibiotics side effects and interactions
decreased effectiveness of oral contraceptives
antihistamines function
used to treat allergies
antihistamine physiology
body reacts to an allergen by having the mast cells release histamine
histamine binds to histamine receptors in the nose, eyes, respiratory tract, skin, etc. producing classic allergy signs and symptoms
antihistamines are antagonist drugs
H1 antihistamines
first generation: drowsiness is common -ex.: Benadryl (Diphenhydramine) -dosage: 25-50 mg every 4-6 hours second generation: drowsiness is less common -ex.: Claritin (Loratidine) -dosage: 10 mg, 1x/day -example: Allegra -dosage: 60 mg, bid
Bronchodilators
- indication
- how does it work
used for asthma (recommended as first response)
B-adrenergic agonists
bronchodilator side effects
tremor nervousness dizziness headache nausea tachycardia
inhaler use
shake the inhaler hold inhaler upright breathe out place lips around mouthpiece breathe in and press down on the canister breathe in as long as you can hold breath for at least 5-10 seconds resume breathing normally
decongestants
-indications
nasal congestion
- allergic rhinitis
- common cold
decongestants how it works
vasoconstriction of blood cells in nasal passages
decreases inflammation of mucous membranes
most common decongestant
pseudoephedrine -Sudafed -120 mg (1 tablet) every 12 hours side effects -nervousness -headache -insomnia -restlessness contraindications -hypertension and heart disease
Phenylephrine HCl (decongestant)
Sudafed PE 10-15 mg every 4-6 hours side effects -nervousness -headache -insomnia -restlessness contraindications -use of certain types of anti-depressants -hypertension and heart disease
cough medication types
suppressants
-suppress cough reflex
expectorants
-increases mucous production to expel it
uses for each
suppressants
-dry cough
expectorant
-productive cough
dextromethorphan (suppressant)
10-30 mg, every 4-8 hours side effects -drowsiness or dizziness precaution -interacts with numerous anti-depressant medications
guaifenesin (expectorant)
Mucinex
200-400 mg, every 4 hours
side effects
-nausea and vomiting
GI drug types
antiemetics -treat nausea and vomining -bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) and Emetrol antidiarrheals -treat the symptom
three types of antidiarrheals
opiods -loperamide --Immodium, Diamode --4 mg initially, 2 mg after each subsequent loose stool absorbents -kapectolin -absorbs water to increase thickness -less common bismuth subsalicylate -may also be used to treat diarrhea
antacids (GI drug)
neutralize stomach acid and increase gastric pH contain at least one of the following -aluminum hydroxide -MgOH -CaCO3 -Sodium Bicarbonate
antacids info
indications
- peptic ulcers, heartburn, GERD
- Tums, Maalox, Rolaids, Alka-Seltzer
- generally taken after meals or at bedtime
- can provide relief within five minutes
- interactions: may decrease the absorption of other medications
antifungals
treat both superficial and systemic fungal infections involving the mucous membranes, nails, hair, or skin
types of antifungals
fungicidal
-kill the fungus
fungistatic
-stop fungal cells from reproducing
antifungal application and side effects
generally topical
may cause itching, burning, irritation
antivirals
used to treat viral infections
most commonly: herpes infections or influenza infections
prescription only
