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Medical Issues in Athletic Training > Medical Issues Ch. 5 > Flashcards

Medical Issues Ch. 5 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

administration vs. dispensing

A

administration: physically helping the patient take it
dispensing: handing it to the patient

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2
Q

what medications can ATs dispense

A

only OTCs

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3
Q

what needs to be recorded when dispensing?

A 
name
date
reason they're taking it
medication name
dosage/quantity
lot number
initials or signature
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4
Q

NSAID

A

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

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5
Q

how do NSAIDs work

A

cyclooygenase (COX) inhibitors
COX enzymes produce prostaglandins
-increase sensitivity to pain
inhibiting COX function leads to inhibiting inflammation

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6
Q

two types of COX

A 
COX-1
-regulate bodily functions (platelet production, renal function, etc.)
COX-2
-inflammatory process
-pain
-fever
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7
Q

problem with NSAID

A

inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2, which can lead to GI problems

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8
Q

NSAID common uses

A

acuts and chronic inflammatory conditions

also used as an analgesic and antipyretic (reduces fever)

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9
Q

common NSAIDs

A 
ibuprofen
-Addaprin, Advil, Motrin
-400 mg every 4-6 hours
naproxen sodium
-Aleve, Anaprox
-250 mg every 6-8 hours
diclofenac
-Voltaren
-50 mg, tid
celecoxib (selective COX-2 inhibitor)
-Celebrex
-100-200 mg, bid
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10
Q

NSAID

  • side effects
  • contraindications
  • interactions
A 
side effects
-GI irritation
renal system side effects
contraindications
-caution with individuals with GI issues
interactions
-NSAIDs should not be taken together
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11
Q

corticosteroids

  • type
  • administration route
A

anti-inflammatory

multiple forms/uses/routes of administration

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12
Q

corticosteroid common indications/drugs

A

hydrocortisone

  • indication: dermatological
  • administration: topical
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13
Q

dexamethasone indications and admin

A

dexamethasone

  • indication: asthma, chronic inflammation
  • -admin: tablet/capsule
  • indication: asthma
  • -admin: oral inhalation
  • indication: rhinitis (inflammation of the mucus membranes)
  • -admin: nasal inhalation
  • indication: chronic inflammatory conditions
  • -admin: injection
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14
Q

corticosteroid side effects

A 
restlessness
dizziness
sleeplessness
changes in skin color
unusual hair growth
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15
Q

analgesic

-what is it?

A

anything that reduces pain

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16
Q

most common analgesic + info

A

acetominophen

  • Tylenol
  • 625-1000 mg every 4-6 hours
  • side effects: increased potential for liver problems
  • contraindications: should not be taken with blood thinners
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17
Q

analgesic - narcotics and opiates

A 
controlled substances
indications: post-op pain, severe musculoskeletal pain, some cancers
side effects: drowsiness and euphoria
narcotics: OxyContin, Demerol
opiates: morphine, codeine
18
Q

antibiotics function

A

rids the body of bacterial infection

19
Q

antibiotics classification

  • what type of classification?
  • classes
A 
classified by their mechanism of action
types
-bacterialcidal: kills the bacteria
--Penicillin
-bacteriostatic: inhibits the growth of bacteria
--Cipro
20
Q

antibiotics side effects and interactions

A

decreased effectiveness of oral contraceptives

21
Q

antihistamines function

A

used to treat allergies

22
Q

antihistamine physiology

A

body reacts to an allergen by having the mast cells release histamine
histamine binds to histamine receptors in the nose, eyes, respiratory tract, skin, etc. producing classic allergy signs and symptoms
antihistamines are antagonist drugs

23
Q

H1 antihistamines

A 
first generation: drowsiness is common
-ex.: Benadryl (Diphenhydramine)
-dosage: 25-50 mg every 4-6 hours
second generation: drowsiness is less common
-ex.: Claritin (Loratidine)
-dosage: 10 mg, 1x/day
-example: Allegra
-dosage: 60 mg, bid
24
Q

Bronchodilators

  • indication
  • how does it work
A

used for asthma (recommended as first response)

B-adrenergic agonists

25
Q

bronchodilator side effects

A 
tremor
nervousness
dizziness
headache
nausea
tachycardia
26
Q

inhaler use

A 
shake the inhaler
hold inhaler upright
breathe out
place lips around mouthpiece
breathe in and press down on the canister
breathe in as long as you can
hold breath for at least 5-10 seconds
resume breathing normally
27
Q

decongestants

-indications

A

nasal congestion

  • allergic rhinitis
  • common cold
28
Q

decongestants how it works

A

vasoconstriction of blood cells in nasal passages

decreases inflammation of mucous membranes

29
Q

most common decongestant

A 
pseudoephedrine
-Sudafed
-120 mg (1 tablet) every 12 hours
side effects
-nervousness
-headache
-insomnia
-restlessness
contraindications
-hypertension and heart disease
30
Q

Phenylephrine HCl (decongestant)

A 
Sudafed PE
10-15 mg every 4-6 hours
side effects
-nervousness
-headache
-insomnia
-restlessness
contraindications
-use of certain types of anti-depressants
-hypertension and heart disease
31
Q

cough medication types

A

suppressants
-suppress cough reflex
expectorants
-increases mucous production to expel it

32
Q

uses for each

A

suppressants
-dry cough
expectorant
-productive cough

33
Q

dextromethorphan (suppressant)

A 
10-30 mg, every 4-8 hours
side effects
-drowsiness or dizziness
precaution
-interacts with numerous anti-depressant medications
34
Q

guaifenesin (expectorant)

A

Mucinex
200-400 mg, every 4 hours
side effects
-nausea and vomiting

35
Q

GI drug types

A 
antiemetics
-treat nausea and vomining
-bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) and Emetrol
antidiarrheals
-treat the symptom
36
Q

three types of antidiarrheals

A 
opiods
-loperamide
--Immodium, Diamode
--4 mg initially, 2 mg after each subsequent loose stool
absorbents
-kapectolin
-absorbs water to increase thickness
-less common
bismuth subsalicylate
-may also be used to treat diarrhea
37
Q

antacids (GI drug)

A 
neutralize stomach acid and increase gastric pH
contain at least one of the following
-aluminum hydroxide
-MgOH
-CaCO3
-Sodium Bicarbonate
38
Q

antacids info

A

indications

  • peptic ulcers, heartburn, GERD
  • Tums, Maalox, Rolaids, Alka-Seltzer
  • generally taken after meals or at bedtime
  • can provide relief within five minutes
  • interactions: may decrease the absorption of other medications
39
Q

antifungals

A

treat both superficial and systemic fungal infections involving the mucous membranes, nails, hair, or skin

40
Q

types of antifungals

A

fungicidal
-kill the fungus
fungistatic
-stop fungal cells from reproducing

41
Q

antifungal application and side effects

A

generally topical

may cause itching, burning, irritation

42
Q

antivirals

A

used to treat viral infections
most commonly: herpes infections or influenza infections
prescription only

Medical Issues in Athletic Training (26 decks)

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