Medical Issues Ch. 5 Flashcards by James Miller

administration vs. dispensing

administration: physically helping the patient take it
dispensing: handing it to the patient

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what medications can ATs dispense

only OTCs

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what needs to be recorded when dispensing?

name
date
reason they're taking it
medication name
dosage/quantity
lot number
initials or signature

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NSAID

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

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how do NSAIDs work

cyclooygenase (COX) inhibitors
COX enzymes produce prostaglandins
-increase sensitivity to pain
inhibiting COX function leads to inhibiting inflammation

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two types of COX

COX-1
-regulate bodily functions (platelet production, renal function, etc.)
COX-2
-inflammatory process
-pain
-fever

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problem with NSAID

inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2, which can lead to GI problems

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NSAID common uses

acuts and chronic inflammatory conditions

also used as an analgesic and antipyretic (reduces fever)

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common NSAIDs

ibuprofen
-Addaprin, Advil, Motrin
-400 mg every 4-6 hours
naproxen sodium
-Aleve, Anaprox
-250 mg every 6-8 hours
diclofenac
-Voltaren
-50 mg, tid
celecoxib (selective COX-2 inhibitor)
-Celebrex
-100-200 mg, bid

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NSAID

side effects
contraindications
interactions

side effects
-GI irritation
renal system side effects
contraindications
-caution with individuals with GI issues
interactions
-NSAIDs should not be taken together

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corticosteroids

type
administration route

anti-inflammatory

multiple forms/uses/routes of administration

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corticosteroid common indications/drugs

hydrocortisone

indication: dermatological
administration: topical

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dexamethasone indications and admin

dexamethasone

indication: asthma, chronic inflammation
-admin: tablet/capsule
indication: asthma
-admin: oral inhalation
indication: rhinitis (inflammation of the mucus membranes)
-admin: nasal inhalation
indication: chronic inflammatory conditions
-admin: injection

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corticosteroid side effects

restlessness
dizziness
sleeplessness
changes in skin color
unusual hair growth

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analgesic

-what is it?

anything that reduces pain

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most common analgesic + info

acetominophen

Tylenol
625-1000 mg every 4-6 hours
side effects: increased potential for liver problems
contraindications: should not be taken with blood thinners

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analgesic - narcotics and opiates

controlled substances
indications: post-op pain, severe musculoskeletal pain, some cancers
side effects: drowsiness and euphoria
narcotics: OxyContin, Demerol
opiates: morphine, codeine

antibiotics function

rids the body of bacterial infection

antibiotics classification

what type of classification?
classes

classified by their mechanism of action
types
-bacterialcidal: kills the bacteria
--Penicillin
-bacteriostatic: inhibits the growth of bacteria
--Cipro

antibiotics side effects and interactions

decreased effectiveness of oral contraceptives

antihistamines function

used to treat allergies

antihistamine physiology

body reacts to an allergen by having the mast cells release histamine
histamine binds to histamine receptors in the nose, eyes, respiratory tract, skin, etc. producing classic allergy signs and symptoms
antihistamines are antagonist drugs

H1 antihistamines

first generation: drowsiness is common
-ex.: Benadryl (Diphenhydramine)
-dosage: 25-50 mg every 4-6 hours
second generation: drowsiness is less common
-ex.: Claritin (Loratidine)
-dosage: 10 mg, 1x/day
-example: Allegra
-dosage: 60 mg, bid

Bronchodilators

indication
how does it work

used for asthma (recommended as first response)

B-adrenergic agonists

bronchodilator side effects

``` tremor nervousness dizziness headache nausea tachycardia ```

inhaler use

``` shake the inhaler hold inhaler upright breathe out place lips around mouthpiece breathe in and press down on the canister breathe in as long as you can hold breath for at least 5-10 seconds resume breathing normally ```

decongestants | -indications

nasal congestion - allergic rhinitis - common cold

decongestants how it works

vasoconstriction of blood cells in nasal passages | decreases inflammation of mucous membranes

most common decongestant

``` pseudoephedrine -Sudafed -120 mg (1 tablet) every 12 hours side effects -nervousness -headache -insomnia -restlessness contraindications -hypertension and heart disease ```

Phenylephrine HCl (decongestant)

``` Sudafed PE 10-15 mg every 4-6 hours side effects -nervousness -headache -insomnia -restlessness contraindications -use of certain types of anti-depressants -hypertension and heart disease ```

cough medication types

suppressants -suppress cough reflex expectorants -increases mucous production to expel it

uses for each

suppressants -dry cough expectorant -productive cough

dextromethorphan (suppressant)

``` 10-30 mg, every 4-8 hours side effects -drowsiness or dizziness precaution -interacts with numerous anti-depressant medications ```

guaifenesin (expectorant)

Mucinex 200-400 mg, every 4 hours side effects -nausea and vomiting

GI drug types

``` antiemetics -treat nausea and vomining -bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) and Emetrol antidiarrheals -treat the symptom ```

three types of antidiarrheals

``` opiods -loperamide --Immodium, Diamode --4 mg initially, 2 mg after each subsequent loose stool absorbents -kapectolin -absorbs water to increase thickness -less common bismuth subsalicylate -may also be used to treat diarrhea ```

antacids (GI drug)

``` neutralize stomach acid and increase gastric pH contain at least one of the following -aluminum hydroxide -MgOH -CaCO3 -Sodium Bicarbonate ```

antacids info

indications - peptic ulcers, heartburn, GERD - Tums, Maalox, Rolaids, Alka-Seltzer - generally taken after meals or at bedtime - can provide relief within five minutes - interactions: may decrease the absorption of other medications

antifungals

treat both superficial and systemic fungal infections involving the mucous membranes, nails, hair, or skin

types of antifungals

fungicidal -kill the fungus fungistatic -stop fungal cells from reproducing

antifungal application and side effects

generally topical | may cause itching, burning, irritation

antivirals

used to treat viral infections most commonly: herpes infections or influenza infections prescription only