Medical Issues Endocrine Pathology Flashcards
1
Q
S/S associated with endocrine pathology
A
skin changes diaphoresis hyperhydrosis body or breath odor polydipsia and polyuria arthralgia and myalgia muscle atrophy and weakness
2
Q
more S/S
A
amenorrhea change in mental status praesthesia edema polyphagia postural (orthostatic) hypotension lethargy and fatigue no pain
3
Q
polyphagia
A
increased hunger
4
Q
hyperthyroidism
- etiology
- S/S
- Tx
A
excess of thyroid hormone impairs glucose metabolism core body temperature -increases heart rate response to exercise -greater than normal treated with medication, radiation, possible removal of gland
5
Q
most common form of hyperthyroidism
A
Graves’ Disease
6
Q
Graves’ Disease
-S/S
A
tremors weakness difficults swallowing or speaking fatigue tics enlarged thyroid gland (goiter) heat intolerance nervousness sweating weight loss
7
Q
hypothyroidism
A
second most common endocrine disorder deficiency of T3 and T4 decreased cardiac output -decreased O2 and glucose available during exercise S/S -dry skin -myalgia -edema -constipation -slowed cognition -weakness -bilateral paresthesia -bradycardia -poor circulation treated with thyroid replacement therapy
8
Q
Thermoregulation condition: heat illness
- who’s at risk
- what factors play a role in the body’s ability to disperse heat
- how is heat illness prevented
A
who's at risk -anyone working in a hot environment -athletes outside in the South what other factors? -environment -ability to sweat (influenced by humidity) how is it prevented -hydration -safe practice temperature -acclimatize
9
Q
heat cramps
- severity
- S/S
- Tx
A
earliest, least severe heat illness S/S -cramps -particularly in large muscles in the legs and trunk -fatigue -thirst -sweating Tx -removal from heat
10
Q
Heat syncope
- S/S
- Tx
A
fainting due to heat pale skin decreased HR elevated body temperature cool person down Tx -remove from heat -elevate legs -check vitals often
11
Q
heat exhaustion
- S/S
- Tx
A
S/S -<103 F -profuse sweating -increased HR -increase respiration rate -decreased blood pressure -headache -nausea -fatigue -weakness/dizziness Tx -rapid cooling -rehydration
12
Q
Exertional heat stroke
- S/S
- Tx
A
S/S
Tx
-rapid cooling
13
Q
exertional hyponatremia
- S/S
- treatment
A
Na levels drop - excessive hydration S/S -similar to heat stroke -nausea -impaired cognition -loss of consciousness -seizures Tx -refer -administer Na
14
Q
Type I Diabetes Mellitus
A
"juvenile diabetes" autoimmune disease inability to regulate blood glucose S/S -polydipsia -polyuria -polyphagia -weight loss lab results must be positive on multiple days for a diagnosis commonly diagnosed before 25 management -insulin long-term health concerns -CVD -delayed wound healing -peripheral neuropathy
15
Q
Type II Diabetes Mellitus
A
decreased insulin receptor sensitivity blood glucose remains elevated predictors -obesity -family history S/S -polydipsia -polyuria complications -hyperlipidemia -arteriosclerosis -chronic infection -bone changes
16
Q
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
A
results from pregnancy
17
Q
normal ranges for blood glucose
- random plasma glucose
- fasting plasma glucose
- 2-hour postprandial
A
random -normal: 70-126 mg/dL -pre-diabetes: 127-199 -diabetes: >200 fasting -normal: 70-100 -pre-diabetes: 100-125 -diabetes
18
Q
types of insulin
-fast
A
fast -effective 5-30 minutes after ingestion -peak 1-4 hours -lasts 4-8 hours slow -effective 2-4 hours -peak 8-14 hours -lasts about 24 hours
19
Q
hypoglycemia
A
low blood glucose levels common with type I diabetics <70 mg/dL S/S -sudden onset -hunger -decreased performance -slurred speech -autonomic signs (pallor, diaphoresis, tachycardia, tremors) -confusion -headache -blurred vision -dizziness -fatigue Tx -give them sugar
20
Q
hyperglycemia
A
high blood glucose levels "diabetic coma" or "ketoacidosis" >200 mg/dL S/S -gradual onset -thirst -dehydration -loss of consciousness -abdominal pain -fruity odor on breath -lethargy -confusion Tx -remove from activity -insulin
