Medical Issues Ch. Immune System

Question 1

infecton

Answer 1

a normal immune system response that defends the body against foreign microorganisms
physical, behavioral, psychological, environmental, and nutritional all affect immune system functions

Question 2

transmission

-why are athletes at more risk?

Answer 2

airborne
direct contact
bloodborne
water and footborne
athletes
-sharing
-travel
-more contact

Question 3

host
vector
contagious vs. communicable

Answer 3

host
-original carrier of the disease
vector
-middle carrier
contagious
-spread through direct contact
-includes vector
communicable
-spread by a vector

Question 4

immunodeficiency disorders

Answer 4

body lacks the ability to fight foreign microorganisms

Question 5

autoimmune disorders

Answer 5

body attacks itself

Question 6

immunodeficiency disorders

autoimmune disorders

Answer 6

immunodeficiency
-body can’t build up enough to prevent infection
autoimmune
-body attacks own body

Question 7

thymus

Answer 7

located between the chest wall and the heart
gland
produces T-cells
extremely active in children

Question 8

spleen

Answer 8

located in upper left quadrant of the abdomen
filters blood and lymph
initiates immune response

Question 9

lymph system

Answer 9

lymph
lymphatic vessels
lymph nodes

Question 10

lymph

Answer 10

clear white fluid

collects plasma and debris

Question 11

lymphatic vessels

Answer 11

picks up lmph

Question 12

lymph nodes

-which can be felt as swollen

Answer 12

filters lymph
which?
-axillary
-neck
-groin

Question 13

bone marrow function

Answer 13

RBC and WBC production

Question 14

WBC

Answer 14

granulocytes
-neutrophils
-basophils
-eosinophils
lymphocytes
-B-cells
-T-cells
monocytes
-macrophages

Question 15

antibodies

Answer 15

created by body fight specific antigens

Question 16

complement system

Answer 16

works with antibodies to fight off the antigens

Question 17

immune system first line of defense

Answer 17

mucous membrane

Question 18

second line of defense

Answer 18

general/nonspecific response
specific adaptive/response
-cell-mediated component
-humoral response

Question 19

humoral response

Answer 19

activated proteins and B cells in the bloodstream

Question 20

cell-mediated component

Answer 20

activation of specific immune cells

-antibody/antigen component

Question 21

general response

Answer 21

increases overall metabolism
substances released from macrophages, monocytes, T cells
protein complement activation: bind to foreign particles
produces a fever

Question 22

specific response

Answer 22

activated T cells and B cells
stimulated by antigens
B cells produce antibodies
antibodies then cue phagocytes

Question 23

vaccinations

Answer 23

B cells “remember” antigens

Question 24

what happens to the body during this process

Answer 24

muscle strength and energy inhibited
increased insulin response
fat metabolism decreases
aerobic function is inhibited

Question 25

effects of exercise

Answer 25

moderate exercise has a small beneficial effect prolonged, intense exercise suppresses the immune system -marathon training viral and parasitic infections almost always increase with exercise

Question 26

common S/S of infection

Answer 26

``` fever -low-grade: 102 fatigue lymphadenitis localized pain, redness, heat, swelling unusual muscle or joint pain ```

Question 27

exercise w/ fever

Answer 27

contraindicated | fever free for 24 hours

Question 28

infectious mononucleosis

Answer 28

``` "kissing disease" Epstein-Barr virus common in college-aged athletes incubation period -10-50 days ```

Question 29

infectious mononucleosis - S/S - Dx - Tx - RTP

Answer 29

``` S/S -fatigue -pharyngitis -fever -swollen lymph nodes -spleenomegaly Dx -mononucleosis spot test (monospot) - blood test Tx -rest -hydration RTP -spleen tenderness gone -up to 1 or 2 months ```

Question 30

mumps - S/S - Dx - Tx - Prevention

Answer 30

``` contagious viral disease 5-15 y/o children 2-3 week incubation period largely airborne S/S -parotitis (neck swelling on one side) -headache -fever -malaise -vomiting -neck stiffness -pain with chewing or swallowing Dx -S/S Tx -isolation -supportive (symptomatic) treatment Prevention -vaccination ```

Question 31

rubeola - S/S - Dx - Tx - prevention

Answer 31

``` "measles" highly communicable airbone S/S -rash -fever Dx -nasal swab to test for an antibody Tx -symptomatic care prevention -vaccination -MMR immunization ```

Question 32

``` Rubella -S/S -Dx -Tx _Prevention ```

Answer 32

``` "German measles" acute contagious virus during first trimester can cause severe congenital defects S/S - last about 3 days -fever and rash -cough -headache -swollen lymph nodes -conjunctivitis Dx -S/S Tx -supportive care Prevention -vaccination ```

Question 33

chicken pox - S/S - Tx - RTP

Answer 33

``` varicella highly communicable common childhood disease S/S -headache -rash --moves to vesicles -itchy Tx -antivirals can shorten the symptoms -runs course in 3-4 days RTP -fully asymptomatic -all vesicles must be crusted over ```

Question 34

rheumatoid arthritis - S/S - Tx - athletic participation

Answer 34

``` autoimmune disorder occurs in synovial lining of a joint -body incorrectly recognizes it as a foreign substance and attacks it S/S -bilateral inflammation of joints -morning stiffness -can lead to joint deformity and disability Tx -lifetime medication -symptomatically treated --NSAID or corticosteroids athletic participation -depends on severity of symptoms -done under the care of a physician ```

Question 35

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) - S/S - Tx - Effects of exercise

Answer 35

``` immune system depression HIV primarily impairs T cells -prevents creation of antibodies S/S - occur within month of infection -fever -body aches -rash -swollen lymph nodes after 1 - 3 weeks these symptoms subside -without treatment patients can display major neurological, GI, or pulmonary symptoms within a few years 50% of people with HIV will develop AIDS -AIDS is the development of a rare disease as a result of an impaired immune system Tx -antiviral therapy -no cure effects of exercise -good question ```