Medical Issues Ch. Immune System Flashcards

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1
Q

infecton

A

a normal immune system response that defends the body against foreign microorganisms
physical, behavioral, psychological, environmental, and nutritional all affect immune system functions

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2
Q

transmission

-why are athletes at more risk?

A
airborne
direct contact
bloodborne
water and footborne
athletes
-sharing
-travel
-more contact
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3
Q

host
vector
contagious vs. communicable

A
host
-original carrier of the disease
vector
-middle carrier
contagious
-spread through direct contact
-includes vector
communicable
-spread by a vector
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4
Q

immunodeficiency disorders

A

body lacks the ability to fight foreign microorganisms

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5
Q

autoimmune disorders

A

body attacks itself

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6
Q

immunodeficiency disorders

autoimmune disorders

A

immunodeficiency
-body can’t build up enough to prevent infection
autoimmune
-body attacks own body

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7
Q

thymus

A

located between the chest wall and the heart
gland
produces T-cells
extremely active in children

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8
Q

spleen

A

located in upper left quadrant of the abdomen
filters blood and lymph
initiates immune response

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9
Q

lymph system

A

lymph
lymphatic vessels
lymph nodes

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10
Q

lymph

A

clear white fluid

collects plasma and debris

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11
Q

lymphatic vessels

A

picks up lmph

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12
Q

lymph nodes

-which can be felt as swollen

A
filters lymph
which?
-axillary
-neck
-groin
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13
Q

bone marrow function

A

RBC and WBC production

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14
Q

WBC

A
granulocytes
-neutrophils
-basophils
-eosinophils
lymphocytes
-B-cells
-T-cells
monocytes
-macrophages
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15
Q

antibodies

A

created by body fight specific antigens

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16
Q

complement system

A

works with antibodies to fight off the antigens

17
Q

immune system first line of defense

A

mucous membrane

18
Q

second line of defense

A

general/nonspecific response
specific adaptive/response
-cell-mediated component
-humoral response

19
Q

humoral response

A

activated proteins and B cells in the bloodstream

20
Q

cell-mediated component

A

activation of specific immune cells

-antibody/antigen component

21
Q

general response

A

increases overall metabolism
substances released from macrophages, monocytes, T cells
protein complement activation: bind to foreign particles
produces a fever

22
Q

specific response

A

activated T cells and B cells
stimulated by antigens
B cells produce antibodies
antibodies then cue phagocytes

23
Q

vaccinations

A

B cells “remember” antigens

24
Q

what happens to the body during this process

A

muscle strength and energy inhibited
increased insulin response
fat metabolism decreases
aerobic function is inhibited

25
Q

effects of exercise

A

moderate exercise has a small beneficial effect
prolonged, intense exercise suppresses the immune system
-marathon training
viral and parasitic infections almost always increase with exercise

26
Q

common S/S of infection

A
fever
-low-grade: 102
fatigue
lymphadenitis
localized pain, redness, heat, swelling
unusual muscle or joint pain
27
Q

exercise w/ fever

A

contraindicated

fever free for 24 hours

28
Q

infectious mononucleosis

A
"kissing disease"
Epstein-Barr virus
common in college-aged athletes
incubation period
-10-50 days
29
Q

infectious mononucleosis

  • S/S
  • Dx
  • Tx
  • RTP
A
S/S
-fatigue
-pharyngitis
-fever
-swollen lymph nodes
-spleenomegaly
Dx
-mononucleosis spot test (monospot) - blood test
Tx
-rest
-hydration
RTP
-spleen tenderness gone
-up to 1 or 2 months
30
Q

mumps

  • S/S
  • Dx
  • Tx
  • Prevention
A
contagious viral disease
5-15 y/o children
2-3 week incubation period
largely airborne
S/S
-parotitis (neck swelling on one side)
-headache
-fever
-malaise
-vomiting
-neck stiffness
-pain with chewing or swallowing
Dx
-S/S
Tx
-isolation
-supportive (symptomatic) treatment
Prevention
-vaccination
31
Q

rubeola

  • S/S
  • Dx
  • Tx
  • prevention
A
"measles"
highly communicable
airbone
S/S
-rash
-fever
Dx
-nasal swab to test for an antibody
Tx
-symptomatic care
prevention
-vaccination
-MMR immunization
32
Q
Rubella
-S/S
-Dx
-Tx
_Prevention
A
"German measles"
acute contagious virus
during first trimester can cause severe congenital defects
S/S - last about 3 days
-fever and rash
-cough
-headache
-swollen lymph nodes
-conjunctivitis
Dx
-S/S
Tx
-supportive care
Prevention
-vaccination
33
Q

chicken pox

  • S/S
  • Tx
  • RTP
A
varicella
highly communicable
common childhood disease
S/S
-headache
-rash
--moves to vesicles
-itchy
Tx
-antivirals can shorten the symptoms
-runs course in 3-4 days
RTP
-fully asymptomatic
-all vesicles must be crusted over
34
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

  • S/S
  • Tx
  • athletic participation
A
autoimmune disorder
occurs in synovial lining of a joint
-body incorrectly recognizes it as a foreign substance and attacks it
S/S
-bilateral inflammation of joints
-morning stiffness
-can lead to joint deformity and disability
Tx
-lifetime medication
-symptomatically treated
--NSAID or corticosteroids
athletic participation
-depends on severity of symptoms
-done under the care of a physician
35
Q

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

  • S/S
  • Tx
  • Effects of exercise
A
immune system depression
HIV primarily impairs T cells
-prevents creation of antibodies
S/S - occur within month of infection
-fever
-body aches
-rash
-swollen lymph nodes
after 1 - 3 weeks these symptoms subside
-without treatment patients can display major neurological, GI, or pulmonary symptoms within a few years
50% of people with HIV will develop AIDS
-AIDS is the development of a rare disease as a result of an impaired immune system
Tx
-antiviral therapy
-no cure
effects of exercise
-good question