Medical Issues Ch. Immune System Flashcards
infecton
a normal immune system response that defends the body against foreign microorganisms
physical, behavioral, psychological, environmental, and nutritional all affect immune system functions
transmission
-why are athletes at more risk?
airborne direct contact bloodborne water and footborne athletes -sharing -travel -more contact
host
vector
contagious vs. communicable
host -original carrier of the disease vector -middle carrier contagious -spread through direct contact -includes vector communicable -spread by a vector
immunodeficiency disorders
body lacks the ability to fight foreign microorganisms
autoimmune disorders
body attacks itself
immunodeficiency disorders
autoimmune disorders
immunodeficiency
-body can’t build up enough to prevent infection
autoimmune
-body attacks own body
thymus
located between the chest wall and the heart
gland
produces T-cells
extremely active in children
spleen
located in upper left quadrant of the abdomen
filters blood and lymph
initiates immune response
lymph system
lymph
lymphatic vessels
lymph nodes
lymph
clear white fluid
collects plasma and debris
lymphatic vessels
picks up lmph
lymph nodes
-which can be felt as swollen
filters lymph which? -axillary -neck -groin
bone marrow function
RBC and WBC production
WBC
granulocytes -neutrophils -basophils -eosinophils lymphocytes -B-cells -T-cells monocytes -macrophages
antibodies
created by body fight specific antigens
complement system
works with antibodies to fight off the antigens
immune system first line of defense
mucous membrane
second line of defense
general/nonspecific response
specific adaptive/response
-cell-mediated component
-humoral response
humoral response
activated proteins and B cells in the bloodstream
cell-mediated component
activation of specific immune cells
-antibody/antigen component
general response
increases overall metabolism
substances released from macrophages, monocytes, T cells
protein complement activation: bind to foreign particles
produces a fever
specific response
activated T cells and B cells
stimulated by antigens
B cells produce antibodies
antibodies then cue phagocytes
vaccinations
B cells “remember” antigens
what happens to the body during this process
muscle strength and energy inhibited
increased insulin response
fat metabolism decreases
aerobic function is inhibited
effects of exercise
moderate exercise has a small beneficial effect
prolonged, intense exercise suppresses the immune system
-marathon training
viral and parasitic infections almost always increase with exercise
common S/S of infection
fever -low-grade: 102 fatigue lymphadenitis localized pain, redness, heat, swelling unusual muscle or joint pain
exercise w/ fever
contraindicated
fever free for 24 hours
infectious mononucleosis
"kissing disease" Epstein-Barr virus common in college-aged athletes incubation period -10-50 days
infectious mononucleosis
- S/S
- Dx
- Tx
- RTP
S/S -fatigue -pharyngitis -fever -swollen lymph nodes -spleenomegaly Dx -mononucleosis spot test (monospot) - blood test Tx -rest -hydration RTP -spleen tenderness gone -up to 1 or 2 months
mumps
- S/S
- Dx
- Tx
- Prevention
contagious viral disease 5-15 y/o children 2-3 week incubation period largely airborne S/S -parotitis (neck swelling on one side) -headache -fever -malaise -vomiting -neck stiffness -pain with chewing or swallowing Dx -S/S Tx -isolation -supportive (symptomatic) treatment Prevention -vaccination
rubeola
- S/S
- Dx
- Tx
- prevention
"measles" highly communicable airbone S/S -rash -fever Dx -nasal swab to test for an antibody Tx -symptomatic care prevention -vaccination -MMR immunization
Rubella -S/S -Dx -Tx _Prevention
"German measles" acute contagious virus during first trimester can cause severe congenital defects S/S - last about 3 days -fever and rash -cough -headache -swollen lymph nodes -conjunctivitis Dx -S/S Tx -supportive care Prevention -vaccination
chicken pox
- S/S
- Tx
- RTP
varicella highly communicable common childhood disease S/S -headache -rash --moves to vesicles -itchy Tx -antivirals can shorten the symptoms -runs course in 3-4 days RTP -fully asymptomatic -all vesicles must be crusted over
rheumatoid arthritis
- S/S
- Tx
- athletic participation
autoimmune disorder occurs in synovial lining of a joint -body incorrectly recognizes it as a foreign substance and attacks it S/S -bilateral inflammation of joints -morning stiffness -can lead to joint deformity and disability Tx -lifetime medication -symptomatically treated --NSAID or corticosteroids athletic participation -depends on severity of symptoms -done under the care of a physician
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
- S/S
- Tx
- Effects of exercise
immune system depression HIV primarily impairs T cells -prevents creation of antibodies S/S - occur within month of infection -fever -body aches -rash -swollen lymph nodes after 1 - 3 weeks these symptoms subside -without treatment patients can display major neurological, GI, or pulmonary symptoms within a few years 50% of people with HIV will develop AIDS -AIDS is the development of a rare disease as a result of an impaired immune system Tx -antiviral therapy -no cure effects of exercise -good question
