Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HAN 312 > Vocab 4 > Flashcards

Vocab 4 Flashcards

1
Q

abscess

A

localized collection of pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

accumulation

A

build up of material within cells or between

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

adiposity

A

an increased storage of fat in fat cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

allergy

A

immunologic or presumed immunologic reaction occurs in sensitized individuals only
-hypersensitivity reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

amyloid

A

a hyaline deposit that has a crystalline chemical structure, which polarizes light and stains with the dye congo red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

anaphylaxis

A

vasoactive effect

-stimulated by C5a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

anoxia

A

lack of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

antibody

A

attach to the unique chemical structure of the foreign substance (antigen) to aid in neutralizing or destroying it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

arachidonic acid

A

produced locally by cells and act as short range hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

atrophy

A

a decrease in tissue size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

autoimmune reaction

A

immune system reacts to its own tissues

-destructive diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

boil or furuncle

A

ex. of an abscess

- caused by an obstructred skin appendage or foreign body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

bradykinin

A
  • activated kinin becomes bradykinin
  • causes increased vascular permeability and is a major factor in sustaining the flow of fluid and chemicals to the inflammatory site by self-perpetuating reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

brown atrophy

A

old term applied to the brown color of the heart and the liver that develops with aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

C3a

A

complement fragment

-causes increased vascular permeability by stimulating release of histamine from mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

C5a

A
  • a complement fragement

- mediator of chemotaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cardinal signs of inflammation

A

redness

  • swelling
  • heat
  • pain
  • and loss of function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

caseous necrosis

A

most commonly caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis

  • causes tuberculosis or by certain types of fungi
  • necrosis of diseased tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

cell membrane

A

encloses the cytoplasm

-protects the cell from physical injury and selectively regulates the entrance and exit of various ions and nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cellular immunity

A

emply T lymphocytes to attack the offending agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cellulitis

A

a spreading acute inflammatory process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

chemokines

A

serve to up and down regulate inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

chemotaxis

A

movement of white blood cells in response to a chemical gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

coagulation (clotting) system

A

polymerzation of fibrinogen to fibrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

coagulation necrosis

A

most commonly caused by anoxia

-slow process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

collagen

A

most abundant component of connective tissues

-strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

comedone

A

pimples

-form when greasy secretions obstruct sebaceous glands and become the culture medium for bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

complement proteins

A

split into several active factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

complement system

A

amplifies the inflammatory response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

cytokines

A

polypeptide

-serve to up and down regulate inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

cytoplasmic organelles

A

in the cytoplasm

-specialized functions and a soluable component called the cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

degeneration

A

sublethal cell injury without necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

denervation atrophy

A

muscle cells are immobilized because of permanent loss of nervous stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

disuse atrophy

A

occurs when the cells are unable to carry out their normal function

  • reversible
  • ex. casted arm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

edema

A

leakage of fluid into the tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

embolus

A

any particulate object that travels in the bloodstream from one site to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

emigration

A

leukocytes crawl between endothelial cells into the tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

empyema

A

when pus fills body cavity such as the pleural cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

endocrine atrophy

A

results from decreased hormonal stimulation

-ex. menopause -> atrophy of breasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

a tortuous set of membranes

-rough lined with small basophilic granules called ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

enzymatic fat necrosis

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

epithelial cells

A

work with each other as coherent units to carry out specialized functions
-protection of body surfaces, secretion of specific products, and special metabolic functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

epithelioid cells

A

engulf the antigenic agent

  • marcophages
  • abundant cytoplasm and close approximation to each other
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

exudate

A

result of increased osmotic pressure in the tissue because of high protein content and are caused by inflammation or obstruction of lymphatic flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

factor XII

A

initiate kinin and coagulation systems

-tissue factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

fatty change

A

accumulation of lipid within cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

fibrin

A

stingy polymer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

fibrinogen

A

soluble blood protein that may leak into the inflamed site and be converted to a stringy polymer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

fibrinous exudate

A

composed of large amounts of fibrinogen from the blood that is polymerized to form fibrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

fibrous connective tissue repair

A

scarring or fibrosis

52
Q

foreign body granulom

A

less sterotyped than the tuberculoid or sarcoid granulomas

-result from indigestible foreign material being surrounded by epitheloid cells and giant cells

53
Q

free oxygen radical

A

unstable oxygen molecules having only single unpaired electron in their outer orbit and are generated by the reduction of molecular oxygen to water

54
Q

gangrenous necrosis (gangrene)

A

coagulation necrosis with superimposed decomposition by saprophtic bacteria
-part of the body is dead

55
Q

giant cells

A

marcophages in a granuloma can form giant cells

-very large cells with numerous nuclei

56
Q

glycogen storage

A

ex of acculmulation of carbohydrate

57
Q

golgi apparatus

A

modifies, sorts, and stores for secretion

58
Q

granulation tissue

A

consists of capillaries and fibroblasts

59
Q

hageman factor

A

initiate kinin and coagulation systems

-tissue factor

60
Q

heat

A

increased blood in the area causes heat

61
Q

hemochromatosis

A

excessive iron accumulation in tissues

62
Q

hemosiderosis

A

excessive iron accumulation in tissues

63
Q

histamine

A

released at the beginning of inflammatory response

64
Q

histiocyte

A

aka monocyte

65
Q

humoral immunity

A

employ B lymphocytes to produce antibody

66
Q

hyaline

A

dense, homogeneous eosinophilic deposits

67
Q

hyperemia

A

increased blood flow in dilated vessels

-causes redness

68
Q

hypoxia

A

reduced oxygen

69
Q

immunologic

A

important part of the inflammatory reaction and also contribute to the damage produced by inflammation
-immune damage is usually less than the potential damage

70
Q

infarct

A

area of ischemic necrosis

71
Q

infection

A

most of the damage of infection is done by the bodys own inflammatory reaction the invading microorganism

72
Q

inflammation

A

the vascular and cellular response to necrosis or sublethal cell injury and is the bodys mechanism of limiting the spread of injury and removing necrotic debris

73
Q

inhibitors

A

enzymes that destroy products of the reactions

74
Q

ischemia

A

localized hypoxia resulting from poor blood flow

75
Q

karyolysis

A

lysis or fading of the nucleus

76
Q

karyorrhexis

A

fragmentation of the nucleus

77
Q

hinin system

A

amplifies the inflammatory response

78
Q

kinins

A

leak through the venule made permeable by histamine

-activated to become bradykinin

79
Q

leukocyte

A

mobile connective tissue cells that are specialized to attack foreign substances
-wbc

80
Q

leukotrienes

A

metabolites of arachindonic acid

81
Q

lipofuscin pigment

A

gives brown color to heart and liver with age

-present in myocardial fibers and hepatocytes

82
Q

liquefaction necrosis

A

most commonly caused by certain types of bacteria: pyrogenic bacteria
-pus

83
Q

loss of function

A

results from the attempt to protect the painful, swollen lesion from further injury

84
Q

lymphocyte

A

direct the attack against persistent foreign materials by remembering their chemical structure
-release substances that kill cells in the area of the foreign material and other substances that attract macrophages to the area

85
Q

lysis

A

death

86
Q

lysosome

A

membrane bound packets of digestive enzymes

87
Q

macrophage

A

monocytes differentiate into macrophages

-motile phagocyte

88
Q

margination

A

phagocytes move from their normal central location in the bloodstream to the periphery as the venule dilates and the flow of blood slows

89
Q

mast cell

A

scattered throughout the connective tissue of the body and contain large amounts of histamine and their dense granules

90
Q

membrane attack complex

A

a polymer of various complement proteins that punches holes in bacterial cell walls, effectively causing their death

91
Q

metastatic calcification

A

excessive blood calcium leads to calcium accumulation in normal tissues, especially those that excrete acid from the body such as renal tubules, lung, and gastric mucosa

92
Q

mitochondria

A

complex, membranous structure that generate energy for use by the cell

93
Q

monocyte

A

can engulf and digest foreign materials such as bacteria

94
Q

necrosis

A

the death of cells or tissue as a result of an endogenous or exogenous injury

95
Q

necrotizing fasciitis

A

caused by similar organisms and usually located in deep tissues

96
Q

neutrophil

A

polymorphonuclear leukocytes

-can engulf and digest foreign materials such as bacteria

97
Q

opsonin

A
  • phagocytosis promoting antibodies
  • important in the response to organisms that have been previously encountered or when antibodies have been artificially induced by immunization
98
Q

organization

A

process of fibrous repair

99
Q

pain

A

results from the pressure of the swelling and the action of kinins on nerve endings

100
Q

parenchymal

A

cells that carry out the main function of an organ, and are usually most abundant and often unique to the organ

101
Q

paronychia

A

caused by purulent infection around a fingernail

102
Q

phagocyte

A
  • neutrophils and macrophages

- play a key role in inflammatory process

103
Q

phagocytosis

A

engulfing particulate matter

104
Q

pressure atrophy

A

results from steady pressure on tissue

-bedsores, tumor

105
Q

prostaglandins

A

metabolites of arachindonic acid

106
Q

proteins

A

can accumulate within cells and become compacted, producing dense, homogeneous eosinophilic depostits

107
Q

purulent exudate

A

thick, creamy mixutre or dead tissue and neutrophils

-pus

108
Q

pus

A

thick, creamy mixutre or dead tissue and neutrophils

109
Q

pyknosis

A

condensation of the nucleus

110
Q

pyogenic

A

pus forming

111
Q

regeneration

A

repair method

-replacement of destroyed tissue by cells similar to those previously present

112
Q

repair

A

the bodys attempt to replace dead cells, whether by regeneration of the original tissue or replacement by connective tissue

113
Q

resolution

A

removal process of dead tissue and particulate material

114
Q

ribosomes

A

small basophilic granules

-high content of ribonucleic acid

115
Q

sarcoidosis

A

granulomatous disease

-disease of unknown cause characterized by widespread noncaseous granulomas

116
Q

scar

A

formation of dense tough mass of collagen

117
Q

senile atrophy

A

caused by aging

118
Q

serous exudate

A

contains fluid as well as small amounts of protein and often implies a lesser degree of damage

119
Q

sublethal (reversable) cell injury

A

cell can recover

120
Q

suppurative inflammation

A

an inflammatory reaction with much purulent exudate

121
Q

thrombus

A

a blood clot that forms during life in a blood vessel as a result of activation of the coagulation mechanism

122
Q

toxic shock syndrome

A

cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis caused by streptococcal bacteria can lead to TSS
-life threatening condition manifested by severe respiratory distress and renal failure

123
Q

transudate

A

a collection of fluid in tissue or in body space that accumulates because of increased hydrostatic or decreased osmotic pressure in the vascular system

124
Q

trauma

A

disrupts cells by direct physical force

125
Q

ulcer

A

a local excavation of an epithelium such as skin or mucous membranes

126
Q

vasoactive amine

A

released at the beginning of the inflammatory response

HAN 312 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions