Vocab 4 Flashcards
1
Q
abscess
A
localized collection of pus
2
Q
accumulation
A
build up of material within cells or between
3
Q
adiposity
A
an increased storage of fat in fat cells
4
Q
allergy
A
immunologic or presumed immunologic reaction occurs in sensitized individuals only
-hypersensitivity reaction
5
Q
amyloid
A
a hyaline deposit that has a crystalline chemical structure, which polarizes light and stains with the dye congo red
6
Q
anaphylaxis
A
vasoactive effect
-stimulated by C5a
7
Q
anoxia
A
lack of oxygen
8
Q
antibody
A
attach to the unique chemical structure of the foreign substance (antigen) to aid in neutralizing or destroying it
9
Q
apoptosis
A
programmed cell death
10
Q
arachidonic acid
A
produced locally by cells and act as short range hormones
11
Q
atrophy
A
a decrease in tissue size
12
Q
autoimmune reaction
A
immune system reacts to its own tissues
-destructive diseases
13
Q
boil or furuncle
A
ex. of an abscess
- caused by an obstructred skin appendage or foreign body
14
Q
bradykinin
A
- activated kinin becomes bradykinin
- causes increased vascular permeability and is a major factor in sustaining the flow of fluid and chemicals to the inflammatory site by self-perpetuating reaction
15
Q
brown atrophy
A
old term applied to the brown color of the heart and the liver that develops with aging
16
Q
C3a
A
complement fragment
-causes increased vascular permeability by stimulating release of histamine from mast cells
17
Q
C5a
A
- a complement fragement
- mediator of chemotaxis
18
Q
cardinal signs of inflammation
A
redness
- swelling
- heat
- pain
- and loss of function
19
Q
caseous necrosis
A
most commonly caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
- causes tuberculosis or by certain types of fungi
- necrosis of diseased tissue
20
Q
cell membrane
A
encloses the cytoplasm
-protects the cell from physical injury and selectively regulates the entrance and exit of various ions and nutrients
21
Q
cellular immunity
A
emply T lymphocytes to attack the offending agent
22
Q
cellulitis
A
a spreading acute inflammatory process
23
Q
chemokines
A
serve to up and down regulate inflammation
24
Q
chemotaxis
A
movement of white blood cells in response to a chemical gradient
25
coagulation (clotting) system
polymerzation of fibrinogen to fibrin
26
coagulation necrosis
most commonly caused by anoxia
| -slow process
27
collagen
most abundant component of connective tissues
| -strength
28
comedone
pimples
| -form when greasy secretions obstruct sebaceous glands and become the culture medium for bacteria
29
complement proteins
split into several active factors
30
complement system
amplifies the inflammatory response
31
cytokines
polypeptide
| -serve to up and down regulate inflammation
32
cytoplasmic organelles
in the cytoplasm
| -specialized functions and a soluable component called the cytosol
33
degeneration
sublethal cell injury without necrosis
34
denervation atrophy
muscle cells are immobilized because of permanent loss of nervous stimulation
35
disuse atrophy
occurs when the cells are unable to carry out their normal function
- reversible
- ex. casted arm
36
edema
leakage of fluid into the tissue
37
embolus
any particulate object that travels in the bloodstream from one site to another
38
emigration
leukocytes crawl between endothelial cells into the tissue
39
empyema
when pus fills body cavity such as the pleural cavity
40
endocrine atrophy
results from decreased hormonal stimulation
| -ex. menopause -> atrophy of breasts
41
endoplasmic reticulum
a tortuous set of membranes
| -rough lined with small basophilic granules called ribosomes
42
enzymatic fat necrosis
occurs following injury to the pancreas and surrounding adipose tissue as a result of leakage of that organs digestive enzymes
-
43
epithelial cells
work with each other as coherent units to carry out specialized functions
-protection of body surfaces, secretion of specific products, and special metabolic functions
44
epithelioid cells
engulf the antigenic agent
- marcophages
- abundant cytoplasm and close approximation to each other
45
exudate
result of increased osmotic pressure in the tissue because of high protein content and are caused by inflammation or obstruction of lymphatic flow
46
factor XII
initiate kinin and coagulation systems
| -tissue factor
47
fatty change
accumulation of lipid within cells
48
fibrin
stingy polymer
49
fibrinogen
soluble blood protein that may leak into the inflamed site and be converted to a stringy polymer
50
fibrinous exudate
composed of large amounts of fibrinogen from the blood that is polymerized to form fibrin
51
fibrous connective tissue repair
scarring or fibrosis
52
foreign body granulom
less sterotyped than the tuberculoid or sarcoid granulomas
| -result from indigestible foreign material being surrounded by epitheloid cells and giant cells
53
free oxygen radical
unstable oxygen molecules having only single unpaired electron in their outer orbit and are generated by the reduction of molecular oxygen to water
54
gangrenous necrosis (gangrene)
coagulation necrosis with superimposed decomposition by saprophtic bacteria
-part of the body is dead
55
giant cells
marcophages in a granuloma can form giant cells
| -very large cells with numerous nuclei
56
glycogen storage
ex of acculmulation of carbohydrate
57
golgi apparatus
modifies, sorts, and stores for secretion
58
granulation tissue
consists of capillaries and fibroblasts
59
hageman factor
initiate kinin and coagulation systems
| -tissue factor
60
heat
increased blood in the area causes heat
61
hemochromatosis
excessive iron accumulation in tissues
62
hemosiderosis
excessive iron accumulation in tissues
63
histamine
released at the beginning of inflammatory response
64
histiocyte
aka monocyte
65
humoral immunity
employ B lymphocytes to produce antibody
66
hyaline
dense, homogeneous eosinophilic deposits
67
hyperemia
increased blood flow in dilated vessels
| -causes redness
68
hypoxia
reduced oxygen
69
immunologic
important part of the inflammatory reaction and also contribute to the damage produced by inflammation
-immune damage is usually less than the potential damage
70
infarct
area of ischemic necrosis
71
infection
most of the damage of infection is done by the bodys own inflammatory reaction the invading microorganism
72
inflammation
the vascular and cellular response to necrosis or sublethal cell injury and is the bodys mechanism of limiting the spread of injury and removing necrotic debris
73
inhibitors
enzymes that destroy products of the reactions
74
ischemia
localized hypoxia resulting from poor blood flow
75
karyolysis
lysis or fading of the nucleus
76
karyorrhexis
fragmentation of the nucleus
77
hinin system
amplifies the inflammatory response
78
kinins
leak through the venule made permeable by histamine
| -activated to become bradykinin
79
leukocyte
mobile connective tissue cells that are specialized to attack foreign substances
-wbc
80
leukotrienes
metabolites of arachindonic acid
81
lipofuscin pigment
gives brown color to heart and liver with age
| -present in myocardial fibers and hepatocytes
82
liquefaction necrosis
most commonly caused by certain types of bacteria: pyrogenic bacteria
-pus
83
loss of function
results from the attempt to protect the painful, swollen lesion from further injury
84
lymphocyte
direct the attack against persistent foreign materials by remembering their chemical structure
-release substances that kill cells in the area of the foreign material and other substances that attract macrophages to the area
85
lysis
death
86
lysosome
membrane bound packets of digestive enzymes
87
macrophage
monocytes differentiate into macrophages
| -motile phagocyte
88
margination
phagocytes move from their normal central location in the bloodstream to the periphery as the venule dilates and the flow of blood slows
89
mast cell
scattered throughout the connective tissue of the body and contain large amounts of histamine and their dense granules
90
membrane attack complex
a polymer of various complement proteins that punches holes in bacterial cell walls, effectively causing their death
91
metastatic calcification
excessive blood calcium leads to calcium accumulation in normal tissues, especially those that excrete acid from the body such as renal tubules, lung, and gastric mucosa
92
mitochondria
complex, membranous structure that generate energy for use by the cell
93
monocyte
can engulf and digest foreign materials such as bacteria
94
necrosis
the death of cells or tissue as a result of an endogenous or exogenous injury
95
necrotizing fasciitis
caused by similar organisms and usually located in deep tissues
96
neutrophil
polymorphonuclear leukocytes
| -can engulf and digest foreign materials such as bacteria
97
opsonin
- phagocytosis promoting antibodies
- important in the response to organisms that have been previously encountered or when antibodies have been artificially induced by immunization
98
organization
process of fibrous repair
99
pain
results from the pressure of the swelling and the action of kinins on nerve endings
100
parenchymal
cells that carry out the main function of an organ, and are usually most abundant and often unique to the organ
101
paronychia
caused by purulent infection around a fingernail
102
phagocyte
- neutrophils and macrophages
| - play a key role in inflammatory process
103
phagocytosis
engulfing particulate matter
104
pressure atrophy
results from steady pressure on tissue
| -bedsores, tumor
105
prostaglandins
metabolites of arachindonic acid
106
proteins
can accumulate within cells and become compacted, producing dense, homogeneous eosinophilic depostits
107
purulent exudate
thick, creamy mixutre or dead tissue and neutrophils
| -pus
108
pus
thick, creamy mixutre or dead tissue and neutrophils
109
pyknosis
condensation of the nucleus
110
pyogenic
pus forming
111
regeneration
repair method
| -replacement of destroyed tissue by cells similar to those previously present
112
repair
the bodys attempt to replace dead cells, whether by regeneration of the original tissue or replacement by connective tissue
113
resolution
removal process of dead tissue and particulate material
114
ribosomes
small basophilic granules
| -high content of ribonucleic acid
115
sarcoidosis
granulomatous disease
| -disease of unknown cause characterized by widespread noncaseous granulomas
116
scar
formation of dense tough mass of collagen
117
senile atrophy
caused by aging
118
serous exudate
contains fluid as well as small amounts of protein and often implies a lesser degree of damage
119
sublethal (reversable) cell injury
cell can recover
120
suppurative inflammation
an inflammatory reaction with much purulent exudate
121
thrombus
a blood clot that forms during life in a blood vessel as a result of activation of the coagulation mechanism
122
toxic shock syndrome
cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis caused by streptococcal bacteria can lead to TSS
-life threatening condition manifested by severe respiratory distress and renal failure
123
transudate
a collection of fluid in tissue or in body space that accumulates because of increased hydrostatic or decreased osmotic pressure in the vascular system
124
trauma
disrupts cells by direct physical force
125
ulcer
a local excavation of an epithelium such as skin or mucous membranes
126
vasoactive amine
released at the beginning of the inflammatory response
