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HAN 312 > Vocab 1 > Flashcards

Vocab 1 Flashcards

1
Q

allopathic medicine

A

medical tradition evolved from philosophy

-diseases can be traced to deranged structures or functions of organs, tissues, and cells

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2
Q

anatomic pathology

A

perform autopsies, examine all tissues removed from live patients, and examine cell preparations to look for cancer cells
-morphologic exam

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3
Q

causes of disease

A

Changes to the cellular environment to such a degree that tissues can’t perform their function

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4
Q

cellular basis of disease

A

diseases can be traced to deranged structures (cells)

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5
Q

clinical pathologist

A

analyze various specimens removed from patients, such as blood, urine, feces, spinal fluid, or sputum, for chemical substances, microorganisms, antigens and antibodies, nucleic acids, atypical blood cells, and coagulation factors
-lab tests

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6
Q

complications

A

secondary problems that emerge as a consequence of treatment that alter therapeutic efforts accordingly

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7
Q

cytopathology

A

individual cells removed by scraping or washing

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8
Q

diagnosis

A

the process of assimilating the information from the history, physical examination, and laboratory findings to identify the condition causing the disease

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9
Q

differential diagnosis

A

after acquiring the history, performing the physical examination, and reviewing initial ancillary tests, the health practitioner makes a list of possible diagnoses

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10
Q

disease

A

disorder of structure or function in human

-tissues are no longer able to perform their function optimally

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11
Q

endogenous

A

agent acting within

-causes of disease: vascular, immunologic, metabolic

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12
Q

etiology

A

the study of causes, but it is also commonly used simply to connote the cause of disease

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13
Q

evidence based medicine

A

The strict guidelines for practicing medicine formulated on the basis of a thorough review of the scientific literature.

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14
Q

exogenous

A

agents acting from without

-causes of disease: microbiologic, chemical, physical

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15
Q

external agents of injury

A

include physical and chemical substances and microbes

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16
Q

follow-up

A

monitors progress towards the goal of treatment

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17
Q

functional disease

A

those in which there are no visible lessions, at least at the onset of disease

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18
Q

genetic disease

A

caused by abnormalities in the genetic makeup of the individual, either at the level of chromosomes, such as increased chromosome numbers or translocations, or at the genetic level, such as mutation

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19
Q

history

A

listening to the patient or to the patients relative to ascertain the patients symptoms, and reviewing any other past or present medical problems that might relate to them

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20
Q

homeostasis

A

Cells and tissues in the body adapt to minor fluctuations in their environment

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21
Q

hyperplasia

A

proliferative reaction to a prolonged external stimulus and usually regresses when the stimulus is removed

22
Q

iatrogenic

A

adverse reactions resulting from treatment by a health specialist

23
Q

idiopathic

A

diseases of unknown cause

24
Q

immunologic disease

A

those caused by aberrations of the immune system

25
Q

infection

A

microbiologic injuries that are usually classified by the type of offending organism

26
Q

inflammation

A

vascular and cellular reaction

that attempts to localize the injury, destroy the offending agent, and remove damaged cells and other materials

27
Q

internal mechanism of injury

A

Mainly vascular insufficiency, immunologic reactions, and metabolic disturbances

28
Q

laboratory finding

A

observations made by the application of tests or special procedures, such as x-rays, blood counts or biopsies

29
Q

lesion

A

structural changes

30
Q

metabolic disease

A

encompasses a wide variety of biochemical disorders that may be genetically determined or secondary effects of acquired disease

31
Q

neoplasia

A

results from genetic changes that favor the growth of a single population of cells

32
Q

nosocomial

A

diseases are those acquired from a hospital environment

33
Q

organic disease

A

(structural disease) characterized by structural changes within the body

34
Q

pathogenesis

A

well as the sequence of events that leads from structural and functional abnormalities to clinical manifestations

35
Q

pathology

A

the study of disease

36
Q

pathophysiology

A

study of pathogenesis

37
Q

physical examination

A

systematically looking, feeling, listening, and sometimes even smelling accessible parts of the body fro signs of illness

38
Q

prognosis

A

a prediction about the course the disease will take

39
Q

repair

A

the replacement of damaged tissue by new tissue of the same type and/or fibrous connective tissue

40
Q

sign

A

physical observations made by the person who examines the patient

41
Q

structural diseases

A

(organic disease) characterized by structural changes within the body

42
Q

symptom

A

evidence of disease described by the patient, such as pain, a lump, or diarrhea

43
Q

syndrome

A

clusters of findings commonly encountered with more than one disease

44
Q

trauma

A

direct physical injury

45
Q

vascular disease

A

include obstruction of blood supply to an organ or tissue, hemorrhage, or altered blood flow

46
Q

workup

A

workup of a patient encompasses three major steps: history, physical examination, and ordering lab tests, radiologic imaging tests, and specialized clinical procedures to detect chemical and physiologic abnormalities

47
Q

care of patients

A
  1. gather facts (history, physical exam, lab and radiology testing)
  2. interpret the facts and render a diagnosis
  3. treat the patient
  4. follow up on treatment
48
Q

obstacle to patient care

A
  • application of new knowledge about a disease process or therapeutic intervention lags far behind discoveries
  • variation in how patients are treated
  • limited resources
49
Q

manifestation of disease

A
  • all the data gathered about a disease as it occurs in patient
  • symptoms, signs, lab abnormalities
50
Q

surgical pathology

A

-biopsies and resected tissues

51
Q

experimental pathology

A

-research

52
Q

autopsy pathology

A

postmortem study of the body

HAN 312 (19 decks)

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