Vocab 1

Question 1

allopathic medicine

Answer 1

medical tradition evolved from philosophy

-diseases can be traced to deranged structures or functions of organs, tissues, and cells

Question 2

anatomic pathology

Answer 2

perform autopsies, examine all tissues removed from live patients, and examine cell preparations to look for cancer cells
-morphologic exam

Question 3

causes of disease

Answer 3

Changes to the cellular environment to such a degree that tissues can’t perform their function

Question 4

cellular basis of disease

Answer 4

diseases can be traced to deranged structures (cells)

Question 5

clinical pathologist

Answer 5

analyze various specimens removed from patients, such as blood, urine, feces, spinal fluid, or sputum, for chemical substances, microorganisms, antigens and antibodies, nucleic acids, atypical blood cells, and coagulation factors
-lab tests

Question 6

complications

Answer 6

secondary problems that emerge as a consequence of treatment that alter therapeutic efforts accordingly

Question 7

cytopathology

Answer 7

individual cells removed by scraping or washing

Question 8

diagnosis

Answer 8

the process of assimilating the information from the history, physical examination, and laboratory findings to identify the condition causing the disease

Question 9

differential diagnosis

Answer 9

after acquiring the history, performing the physical examination, and reviewing initial ancillary tests, the health practitioner makes a list of possible diagnoses

Question 10

disease

Answer 10

disorder of structure or function in human

-tissues are no longer able to perform their function optimally

Question 11

endogenous

Answer 11

agent acting within

-causes of disease: vascular, immunologic, metabolic

Question 12

etiology

Answer 12

the study of causes, but it is also commonly used simply to connote the cause of disease

Question 13

evidence based medicine

Answer 13

The strict guidelines for practicing medicine formulated on the basis of a thorough review of the scientific literature.

Question 14

exogenous

Answer 14

agents acting from without

-causes of disease: microbiologic, chemical, physical

Question 15

external agents of injury

Answer 15

include physical and chemical substances and microbes

Question 16

follow-up

Answer 16

monitors progress towards the goal of treatment

Question 17

functional disease

Answer 17

those in which there are no visible lessions, at least at the onset of disease

Question 18

genetic disease

Answer 18

caused by abnormalities in the genetic makeup of the individual, either at the level of chromosomes, such as increased chromosome numbers or translocations, or at the genetic level, such as mutation

Question 19

history

Answer 19

listening to the patient or to the patients relative to ascertain the patients symptoms, and reviewing any other past or present medical problems that might relate to them

Question 20

homeostasis

Answer 20

Cells and tissues in the body adapt to minor fluctuations in their environment

Question 21

hyperplasia

Answer 21

proliferative reaction to a prolonged external stimulus and usually regresses when the stimulus is removed

Question 22

iatrogenic

Answer 22

adverse reactions resulting from treatment by a health specialist

Question 23

idiopathic

Answer 23

diseases of unknown cause

Question 24

immunologic disease

Answer 24

those caused by aberrations of the immune system

Question 25

infection

Answer 25

microbiologic injuries that are usually classified by the type of offending organism

Question 26

inflammation

Answer 26

vascular and cellular reaction | that attempts to localize the injury, destroy the offending agent, and remove damaged cells and other materials

Question 27

internal mechanism of injury

Answer 27

Mainly vascular insufficiency, immunologic reactions, and metabolic disturbances

Question 28

laboratory finding

Answer 28

observations made by the application of tests or special procedures, such as x-rays, blood counts or biopsies

Question 29

lesion

Answer 29

structural changes

Question 30

metabolic disease

Answer 30

encompasses a wide variety of biochemical disorders that may be genetically determined or secondary effects of acquired disease

Question 31

neoplasia

Answer 31

results from genetic changes that favor the growth of a single population of cells

Question 32

nosocomial

Answer 32

diseases are those acquired from a hospital environment

Question 33

organic disease

Answer 33

(structural disease) characterized by structural changes within the body

Question 34

pathogenesis

Answer 34

well as the sequence of events that leads from structural and functional abnormalities to clinical manifestations

Question 35

pathology

Answer 35

the study of disease

Question 36

pathophysiology

Answer 36

study of pathogenesis

Question 37

physical examination

Answer 37

systematically looking, feeling, listening, and sometimes even smelling accessible parts of the body fro signs of illness

Question 38

prognosis

Answer 38

a prediction about the course the disease will take

Question 39

repair

Answer 39

the replacement of damaged tissue by new tissue of the same type and/or fibrous connective tissue

Question 40

sign

Answer 40

physical observations made by the person who examines the patient

Question 41

structural diseases

Answer 41

(organic disease) characterized by structural changes within the body

Question 42

symptom

Answer 42

evidence of disease described by the patient, such as pain, a lump, or diarrhea

Question 43

syndrome

Answer 43

clusters of findings commonly encountered with more than one disease

Question 44

trauma

Answer 44

direct physical injury

Question 45

vascular disease

Answer 45

include obstruction of blood supply to an organ or tissue, hemorrhage, or altered blood flow

Question 46

workup

Answer 46

workup of a patient encompasses three major steps: history, physical examination, and ordering lab tests, radiologic imaging tests, and specialized clinical procedures to detect chemical and physiologic abnormalities

Question 47

care of patients

Answer 47

1. gather facts (history, physical exam, lab and radiology testing) 2. interpret the facts and render a diagnosis 3. treat the patient 4. follow up on treatment

Question 48

obstacle to patient care

Answer 48

- application of new knowledge about a disease process or therapeutic intervention lags far behind discoveries - variation in how patients are treated - limited resources

Question 49

manifestation of disease

Answer 49

- all the data gathered about a disease as it occurs in patient - symptoms, signs, lab abnormalities

Question 50

surgical pathology

Answer 50

-biopsies and resected tissues

Question 51

experimental pathology

Answer 51

-research

Question 52

autopsy pathology

Answer 52

postmortem study of the body