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HAN 312 > 16. Skin > Flashcards

16. Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Integument

A
  • covering, the skin is the outer covering for the body

- skin, hair, nails, glands

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2
Q

adipocyte

A

-fat cell

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3
Q

albino

A

person with skin deficient pigment (melanin)

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4
Q

apocrine sweat gland

A

One of the large dermal exocrine glands located in the axilla and genital areas
-it secretes sweat that, in action with bacteria, is responsible for human body odor

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5
Q

basal layer

A

deepest region of the epidermis; it gives rise to all the epidermal cells

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6
Q

collagen

A

structural protein found in the skin and connective tissue

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7
Q

cuticle

A

band of epidermis at the base and side of the nail plate

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8
Q

dermis

A

middle layer of the skin

  • deep layer
  • contains accessory organs of the skin
  • collagen fibers
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9
Q

eccrine sweat gland

A

most numerous sweat producing exocrine gland in the skin

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10
Q

epidermis

A

outermost layer of skin

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11
Q

epithelium

A

layer of skin cells forming the outer and inner surfaces of the body

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12
Q

hair follicle

A

sac within which each hair grows

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13
Q

integumentary system

A

the skin and its accessory structures such as hair and follicles

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14
Q

keratin

A

hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair and nails

-keratin means horn and commonly is found in the horns of animals

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15
Q

lunula

A

the half moon shaped, whiteish area at the base of a nail

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16
Q

melanin

A
  • skin pigment
  • it is formed by melanocytes in the epidermis
  • Eumelanin- brown-black pigment
  • pheonelanin- red yellow pigment
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17
Q

paronychium

A

soft tissue surrounding the nail border

  • ium is not the suffix
  • paronychia- inflammation and infection around a nail due to bacteria or fungi
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18
Q

pore

A

tiny opening on the surface of the skin

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19
Q

sebaceous gland

A

oil-secreting gland in the dermis that is associated with hair follicles
-secrete sebum

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20
Q

sebum

A

oily substance secreted by sebaceous gland

-lubricates skin and minimizes water loss

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21
Q

squamous epithelium

A

flat, scale-like cells composing the epidermis

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22
Q

stratified

A

arranged in layers

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23
Q

stratum (plural: strata)

A

a layer (of cells)

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24
Q

stratum corneum

A

outermost layer of the epidermis, which consists of flattened, keratinized cells

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25
Q

subcutaneous layer

A

innermost layer of the skin, containing fat tissue

  • connects skin to surface muscles
  • heat insulator and stores energy
  • hypodermis
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26
Q

adip/o

A

fat

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27
Q

albin/o

A

white

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28
Q

caus/o

A

burn, burning

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29
Q

cauter/o

A

heat, burn

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30
Q

cutane/o

A

skin

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31
Q

derm/o, dermat/o

A

skin

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32
Q

diaphor/o

A

profuse sweating

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33
Q

erythem/o, erythemat/o

A

redness

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34
Q

hidr/o

A

sweat

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35
Q

ichthy/o

A

dry, scaly (fish-like)

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36
Q

kerat/o

A

hard

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37
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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38
Q

lip/o

A

fat

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39
Q

melan/o

A

black

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40
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

-yeasts, molds, mushrooms

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41
Q

onych/o

A

nail

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42
Q

phyt/o

A

plant

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43
Q

pil/o

A

hair

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44
Q

py/o

A

pus

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45
Q

rhytid/o

A

wrinkle

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46
Q

seb/o

A

sebum

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47
Q

squam/o

A

scale-like

48
Q

steat/o

A

fat

49
Q

trich/o

A

hair

50
Q

ungu/o

A

nail

51
Q

xanth/o

A

yellow

52
Q

xer/o

A

dry

53
Q

lesion

A

abnormal tissue

54
Q

crust

A
  • collection of dried serum and cellular debris
  • ex. scab
  • lesion
55
Q

cyst

A
  • thick-walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material
  • lesion
  • in dermis
56
Q

erosion

A
  • wearing away or loss of epidermis
  • occur as a result of inflammation or injury and heal without scarring
  • lesion
  • can evolve into ulcer
57
Q

fissure

A
  • groove or crack-like sore
  • ex. anal fissure
  • lesion
  • can evolve into erosion
58
Q

macule

A
  • flat, pigmented lesion measuring less than 1cm in diameter
  • ex. freckles, moles, tattoo
  • patch- large macule, greater than 1cm
59
Q

nodule

A
  • solid, round or oval elevated lesion 1cm or more in diameter
  • ex. enlarged lymph node, solid growth
60
Q

papule

A
  • small (less than 1cm in diameter), solid elevation of the skin
  • ex. pimple, polyps, pustule
  • lesion
  • may form plaques- elevated flat lesions
61
Q

polyps

A
  • growth extending from the surface of muscous membrane
  • type of papule
  • commonly found in the nose and sinuses, colon, urinary bladder, uterus
  • lesion
62
Q

pustule

A
  • papule containing pus
  • abscess- collection of pus
  • in dermis
63
Q

ulcer

A
  • open sore on the skin or mucous membrane (deeper than an erosion)
  • decubitus ulcer- bedsore, pressure ulcer
64
Q

vesicle

A
  • small collection (papule) of clear fluid (serum); blister
  • form after burns, allergies, dermatitis
  • bulla- a large vesicle
  • crusting
  • can turn into a fissure
  • ex. cold sore, herpes
65
Q

wheal

A
  • smooth, edematous (swollen) papule or plaque that is centrally redder or paler than the surrounding skin
  • itching
  • ex. hives, anaphylaxis, insect bites
  • may be papular- (small) misquito bite
66
Q

alopecia

A
  • absence of hair from areas where it normally grows

- alopecia areata- autoimmune disease, idiopathic, hair falls out in patches

67
Q

ecchymosis

A
  • bluish-purplish mark (bruise) on the skin
  • caused by hemorhages
  • form of purpura
68
Q

petechia

A
  • small, pinpoint hemorrhage

- form of purpura

69
Q

pruritus

A

itching

  • symptom of dermatitis
  • result of stimulation of nerves in the skin by substances released in allergic reactions or by irritation caused by substances in the blood
70
Q

acne

A
  • chronic papular and pustular eruption of the skin with increased production of sebum
  • acne vulgaris- caused by buildup of sebum and keratin in pores
  • blackhead- open comedo, sebum plug that partially blocks the pore
  • whitehead- pore is completely blocked
71
Q

burns

A
  • injury to tissue caused by heat contact
  • dry heat, moist heat, chemicals, lightning, radiation
  • first degree- superficial epidermal lesions, erythema, hyperesthesia, no blisters
  • second degree- epidermal and dermal lesions, erythema, blisters, and hyperesthesia
  • third degree- epidermis and dermis are destroyed, and subcutaneous layer is damaged, leaving charred, white tissue
72
Q

cellulitis

A
  • diffuse, acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain and swelling
  • inflammation of the subcutaneous layer
  • areas of poor lymphatic drainage
  • abscess formation and tissue destruction can occur
73
Q

eczema (atopic dermatitis)

A
  • inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, papulovesicular, or papalosquamous lesions
  • chronic or acute atopic dermatitis
  • accompanied by intense pruritus
74
Q

exanthematous viral diseases

A
  • rash (exanthem) of the skin due to a viral infection

- ex. rubella, rubeola, varicella, erythema infectiosum, hand-foot-and-mouth disease

75
Q

gangrene

A
  • death of tissue associated with loos of blood supply

- can be caused by ischemia, inflammation, frostbite, diabetes, arteriosclerosis

76
Q

impetigo

A
  • bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted-over lesions
  • common in kids
  • contagious pyoderma
  • caused by staphylococci or streptococci
77
Q

psoriasis

A
  • chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques covered by silvery gray scales
  • not infectious or contagious
  • caused by increased rate of growth of the basal layer of the epidermis
  • autoinflammatory
78
Q

scabies

A

-contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus

79
Q

scleroderma

A
  • chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs with hardening and shrinking of connective tissue
  • fibrous scar-like tissue
  • autoimmune disease
  • thick, hard, rigid, depigmentation, hyperpigmentation
80
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A
  • chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs
  • butterfly redness over the cheeks and nose
  • high levels of certain autoantibodies are found in the blood
  • common in females
81
Q

tinea

A
  • infection of the skin caused by fungus
  • tinea corporis- ringworm
  • tinea pedis- athletes foot
  • tinea capitis- on the scalp
  • tinea barbae- skin under beard
  • tinea unguium- nails
82
Q

urticaria (hives)

A
  • acute allergic reaction in which red, round wheals develop on the skin
  • reaction to food or medication, pollen, stings
  • histamine is released into blood stream -> pruritus & edema
83
Q

vitiligo

A

-loss of pigment (depigmentation) in areas of the skin (milk-white patches)
-epidermal melanocytes are lost
-form of leukoderma
-increased
association with autoimmune

84
Q

callus

A
  • increased growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction
  • common in hands and feet
85
Q

kertosis

A
  • thickened and rough lesion of the epidermis; associated with aging or skin damage
  • actinic keratosis- caused by long term UV light, precancerous lesion
  • seborrheic keratosis- benign lesion
86
Q

leukoplakia

A
  • white, thickened patches on mucous membrane tissue of the tongue or cheek (evolves to squamous cell carcinoma)
  • precancerous lesion common in smokers
87
Q

nevus

A
  • pigmented lesion of the skin
  • moles
  • dysplastic nevi- moles that may progress into skin cancer
88
Q

verruca

A
  • epidermal growth (wart) caused by virus
  • verruca vulgaris- common wart
  • plantar warts- soles of feet
89
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A
  • malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis
  • most common cancer
  • slow growing tumor on skin that is chronically sun exposed
  • common near the nose
  • almost never metastasizes
90
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A
  • malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis
  • may grow in other places other than skin with squamous epithelium (mouth, larynx, bladder, lungs)
91
Q

malignant melanoma

A
  • cancerous growth composed of melanocytes
  • genetic and exposure to UV light
  • irregular shape
  • irregular color
  • may crust or bleed
92
Q

kaposi sarcoma

A
  • malignant, vacular, neoplastic growth characterized by cutaneous nodules
  • common on lower extremities
  • range in color
  • associated with AIDS
93
Q

bacterial analyses

A

samples of skin are examined for presence of microorganisms

-purulent (pus filled) material or exudate (fluid filled) often is taken

94
Q

fungal tests

A

-scrapings from skin lesions, hair specimens, or nail clippings are sent to a lab for culture and microscopic examination

95
Q

cryosurgery

A

use of subfreezing temperature achieved with liquid nitrogen application to destroy tissue

96
Q

curettage

A

use of sharp dermal curette to scrape away a skin lesion

-shaped like spoon

97
Q

electrodesiccation

A

-tissue is destroyed by burning with an electric spark

98
Q

mohs surgery

A
  • thin layers of malignant tissue are removed, and each slice is examined microscopically to check for adequate extent of the resection
  • used for basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinomas and other tumors
99
Q

skin biopsy

A

suspicious skin lesions are removed or sampled and examined microscopically by pathologist

100
Q

skin test

A

substances are injected intradermally or applied to the skin, and results are observed

  • diagnose allergies and disease
  • patch test- see if the patch itches
  • scratch test- scratches the skin (PPD test teberculin)
101
Q

anthrac/o

A

black (as coal)

102
Q

chlor/o

A

green

103
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

104
Q

eosin/o

A

rosy

105
Q

erythr/o

A

red

106
Q

jaund/o

A

yellow

107
Q

poli/o

A

gray

108
Q

cirrh/o

A

tawny yellow

109
Q

lute/o

A

yellow

110
Q

icterus

A

-yellowing of the sclera

111
Q

herpes simplex

A
  • eruption of blisters on the skin and submucous membrane

- caused by local infection of herpes virus

112
Q

herpes zoster

A
  • viral infection that affects the peripheral nerves
  • causes eruption of blisters that follows the course of the affected nerves
  • commonly called shingles
  • chicken pox
113
Q

abscess

A

-circumscribed collection of pus caused by bacterial infection

114
Q

carbuncle

A

collection of large localized abscesses seated in groups of hair follicles and connected by channels

115
Q

furuncle

A

infection of a hair follicle

116
Q

keloid

A
  • thickened scar that develops after trauma or surgical incision
  • result of excessive collagen formation in skin during connective tissue repair
117
Q

dermatome

A

-instrument used for cutting thin slices of skin for grafting or excising small lesions

HAN 312 (19 decks)

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