16. Skin Flashcards
1
Q
Integument
A
- covering, the skin is the outer covering for the body
- skin, hair, nails, glands
2
Q
adipocyte
A
-fat cell
3
Q
albino
A
person with skin deficient pigment (melanin)
4
Q
apocrine sweat gland
A
One of the large dermal exocrine glands located in the axilla and genital areas
-it secretes sweat that, in action with bacteria, is responsible for human body odor
5
Q
basal layer
A
deepest region of the epidermis; it gives rise to all the epidermal cells
6
Q
collagen
A
structural protein found in the skin and connective tissue
7
Q
cuticle
A
band of epidermis at the base and side of the nail plate
8
Q
dermis
A
middle layer of the skin
- deep layer
- contains accessory organs of the skin
- collagen fibers
9
Q
eccrine sweat gland
A
most numerous sweat producing exocrine gland in the skin
10
Q
epidermis
A
outermost layer of skin
11
Q
epithelium
A
layer of skin cells forming the outer and inner surfaces of the body
12
Q
hair follicle
A
sac within which each hair grows
13
Q
integumentary system
A
the skin and its accessory structures such as hair and follicles
14
Q
keratin
A
hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair and nails
-keratin means horn and commonly is found in the horns of animals
15
Q
lunula
A
the half moon shaped, whiteish area at the base of a nail
16
Q
melanin
A
- skin pigment
- it is formed by melanocytes in the epidermis
- Eumelanin- brown-black pigment
- pheonelanin- red yellow pigment
17
Q
paronychium
A
soft tissue surrounding the nail border
- ium is not the suffix
- paronychia- inflammation and infection around a nail due to bacteria or fungi
18
Q
pore
A
tiny opening on the surface of the skin
19
Q
sebaceous gland
A
oil-secreting gland in the dermis that is associated with hair follicles
-secrete sebum
20
Q
sebum
A
oily substance secreted by sebaceous gland
-lubricates skin and minimizes water loss
21
Q
squamous epithelium
A
flat, scale-like cells composing the epidermis
22
Q
stratified
A
arranged in layers
23
Q
stratum (plural: strata)
A
a layer (of cells)
24
Q
stratum corneum
A
outermost layer of the epidermis, which consists of flattened, keratinized cells
25
subcutaneous layer
innermost layer of the skin, containing fat tissue
- connects skin to surface muscles
- heat insulator and stores energy
- hypodermis
26
adip/o
fat
27
albin/o
white
28
caus/o
burn, burning
29
cauter/o
heat, burn
30
cutane/o
skin
31
derm/o, dermat/o
skin
32
diaphor/o
profuse sweating
33
erythem/o, erythemat/o
redness
34
hidr/o
sweat
35
ichthy/o
dry, scaly (fish-like)
36
kerat/o
hard
37
leuk/o
white
38
lip/o
fat
39
melan/o
black
40
myc/o
fungus
| -yeasts, molds, mushrooms
41
onych/o
nail
42
phyt/o
plant
43
pil/o
hair
44
py/o
pus
45
rhytid/o
wrinkle
46
seb/o
sebum
47
squam/o
scale-like
48
steat/o
fat
49
trich/o
hair
50
ungu/o
nail
51
xanth/o
yellow
52
xer/o
dry
53
lesion
abnormal tissue
54
crust
- collection of dried serum and cellular debris
- ex. scab
- lesion
55
cyst
- thick-walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material
- lesion
- in dermis
56
erosion
- wearing away or loss of epidermis
- occur as a result of inflammation or injury and heal without scarring
- lesion
- can evolve into ulcer
57
fissure
- groove or crack-like sore
- ex. anal fissure
- lesion
- can evolve into erosion
58
macule
- flat, pigmented lesion measuring less than 1cm in diameter
- ex. freckles, moles, tattoo
- patch- large macule, greater than 1cm
59
nodule
- solid, round or oval elevated lesion 1cm or more in diameter
- ex. enlarged lymph node, solid growth
60
papule
- small (less than 1cm in diameter), solid elevation of the skin
- ex. pimple, polyps, pustule
- lesion
- may form plaques- elevated flat lesions
61
polyps
- growth extending from the surface of muscous membrane
- type of papule
- commonly found in the nose and sinuses, colon, urinary bladder, uterus
- lesion
62
pustule
- papule containing pus
- abscess- collection of pus
- in dermis
63
ulcer
- open sore on the skin or mucous membrane (deeper than an erosion)
- decubitus ulcer- bedsore, pressure ulcer
64
vesicle
- small collection (papule) of clear fluid (serum); blister
- form after burns, allergies, dermatitis
- bulla- a large vesicle
- crusting
- can turn into a fissure
- ex. cold sore, herpes
65
wheal
- smooth, edematous (swollen) papule or plaque that is centrally redder or paler than the surrounding skin
- itching
- ex. hives, anaphylaxis, insect bites
- may be papular- (small) misquito bite
66
alopecia
- absence of hair from areas where it normally grows
| - alopecia areata- autoimmune disease, idiopathic, hair falls out in patches
67
ecchymosis
- bluish-purplish mark (bruise) on the skin
- caused by hemorhages
- form of purpura
68
petechia
- small, pinpoint hemorrhage
| - form of purpura
69
pruritus
itching
- symptom of dermatitis
- result of stimulation of nerves in the skin by substances released in allergic reactions or by irritation caused by substances in the blood
70
acne
- chronic papular and pustular eruption of the skin with increased production of sebum
- acne vulgaris- caused by buildup of sebum and keratin in pores
- blackhead- open comedo, sebum plug that partially blocks the pore
- whitehead- pore is completely blocked
71
burns
- injury to tissue caused by heat contact
- dry heat, moist heat, chemicals, lightning, radiation
- first degree- superficial epidermal lesions, erythema, hyperesthesia, no blisters
- second degree- epidermal and dermal lesions, erythema, blisters, and hyperesthesia
- third degree- epidermis and dermis are destroyed, and subcutaneous layer is damaged, leaving charred, white tissue
72
cellulitis
- diffuse, acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain and swelling
- inflammation of the subcutaneous layer
- areas of poor lymphatic drainage
- abscess formation and tissue destruction can occur
73
eczema (atopic dermatitis)
- inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, papulovesicular, or papalosquamous lesions
- chronic or acute atopic dermatitis
- accompanied by intense pruritus
74
exanthematous viral diseases
- rash (exanthem) of the skin due to a viral infection
| - ex. rubella, rubeola, varicella, erythema infectiosum, hand-foot-and-mouth disease
75
gangrene
- death of tissue associated with loos of blood supply
| - can be caused by ischemia, inflammation, frostbite, diabetes, arteriosclerosis
76
impetigo
- bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted-over lesions
- common in kids
- contagious pyoderma
- caused by staphylococci or streptococci
77
psoriasis
- chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques covered by silvery gray scales
- not infectious or contagious
- caused by increased rate of growth of the basal layer of the epidermis
- autoinflammatory
78
scabies
-contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus
79
scleroderma
- chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs with hardening and shrinking of connective tissue
- fibrous scar-like tissue
- autoimmune disease
- thick, hard, rigid, depigmentation, hyperpigmentation
80
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs
- butterfly redness over the cheeks and nose
- high levels of certain autoantibodies are found in the blood
- common in females
81
tinea
- infection of the skin caused by fungus
- tinea corporis- ringworm
- tinea pedis- athletes foot
- tinea capitis- on the scalp
- tinea barbae- skin under beard
- tinea unguium- nails
82
urticaria (hives)
- acute allergic reaction in which red, round wheals develop on the skin
- reaction to food or medication, pollen, stings
- histamine is released into blood stream -> pruritus & edema
83
vitiligo
-loss of pigment (depigmentation) in areas of the skin (milk-white patches)
-epidermal melanocytes are lost
-form of leukoderma
-increased
association with autoimmune
84
callus
- increased growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction
- common in hands and feet
85
kertosis
- thickened and rough lesion of the epidermis; associated with aging or skin damage
- actinic keratosis- caused by long term UV light, precancerous lesion
- seborrheic keratosis- benign lesion
86
leukoplakia
- white, thickened patches on mucous membrane tissue of the tongue or cheek (evolves to squamous cell carcinoma)
- precancerous lesion common in smokers
87
nevus
- pigmented lesion of the skin
- moles
- dysplastic nevi- moles that may progress into skin cancer
88
verruca
- epidermal growth (wart) caused by virus
- verruca vulgaris- common wart
- plantar warts- soles of feet
89
basal cell carcinoma
- malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis
- most common cancer
- slow growing tumor on skin that is chronically sun exposed
- common near the nose
- almost never metastasizes
90
squamous cell carcinoma
- malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis
- may grow in other places other than skin with squamous epithelium (mouth, larynx, bladder, lungs)
91
malignant melanoma
- cancerous growth composed of melanocytes
- genetic and exposure to UV light
- irregular shape
- irregular color
- may crust or bleed
92
kaposi sarcoma
- malignant, vacular, neoplastic growth characterized by cutaneous nodules
- common on lower extremities
- range in color
- associated with AIDS
93
bacterial analyses
samples of skin are examined for presence of microorganisms
| -purulent (pus filled) material or exudate (fluid filled) often is taken
94
fungal tests
-scrapings from skin lesions, hair specimens, or nail clippings are sent to a lab for culture and microscopic examination
95
cryosurgery
use of subfreezing temperature achieved with liquid nitrogen application to destroy tissue
96
curettage
use of sharp dermal curette to scrape away a skin lesion
| -shaped like spoon
97
electrodesiccation
-tissue is destroyed by burning with an electric spark
98
mohs surgery
- thin layers of malignant tissue are removed, and each slice is examined microscopically to check for adequate extent of the resection
- used for basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinomas and other tumors
99
skin biopsy
suspicious skin lesions are removed or sampled and examined microscopically by pathologist
100
skin test
substances are injected intradermally or applied to the skin, and results are observed
- diagnose allergies and disease
- patch test- see if the patch itches
- scratch test- scratches the skin (PPD test teberculin)
101
anthrac/o
black (as coal)
102
chlor/o
green
103
cyan/o
blue
104
eosin/o
rosy
105
erythr/o
red
106
jaund/o
yellow
107
poli/o
gray
108
cirrh/o
tawny yellow
109
lute/o
yellow
110
icterus
-yellowing of the sclera
111
herpes simplex
- eruption of blisters on the skin and submucous membrane
| - caused by local infection of herpes virus
112
herpes zoster
- viral infection that affects the peripheral nerves
- causes eruption of blisters that follows the course of the affected nerves
- commonly called shingles
- chicken pox
113
abscess
-circumscribed collection of pus caused by bacterial infection
114
carbuncle
collection of large localized abscesses seated in groups of hair follicles and connected by channels
115
furuncle
infection of a hair follicle
116
keloid
- thickened scar that develops after trauma or surgical incision
- result of excessive collagen formation in skin during connective tissue repair
117
dermatome
-instrument used for cutting thin slices of skin for grafting or excising small lesions
