Vocab 2

Question 1

bacterial culture

Answer 1

the most common test performed in the microbiology laboratory because bacteria are easily grown and can be tested for their sensitivity to antibiotics

Question 2

computed tomography

Answer 2

-sophisticated x-ray technique in which the x-ray absorption patterns through planes of tissue are recorded and analyzed by a computer

Question 3

cytology

Answer 3

consists of cells sloughed or scraped from body surfaces

Question 4

family history

Answer 4

exposes diseases the patients might also be prone to developing

Question 5

clinical pathology

Answer 5

aka laboratory medicine

-the branch of pathology that performs laboratory tests on tissues and fluids

Question 6

complete blood count

Answer 6

most common hematologic test and consists of measurement of hemoglobin, counting WBC, and RBC, and microscopic evaluation for morphologic changes in the blood cells

Question 7

computed tomography

Answer 7

• sophisticated x-ray technique in which the x-ray absorption patterns through planes of tissue are recorded and analyzed by a computer
• cross sectional images
• used for detecting acute and potentially lethal processes such as intracerebral hemorrhages, pulmonary embolism, and aortic dissection, lesions in organs
• *tumors, infarcts, blood clots, abscesses, and other lesions

Question 8

magnetic resonance imaging

Answer 8

uses a computer to record tissue characteristics in tissue planes but differs in that it does not use x-rays
-image is produced by displacing protons in atomic nuclei with radiofrequency signals while the body is surrounded by a a strong magnent

Question 9

otoscope

Answer 9

allow practitioner to look into the curved ear canal

Question 10

palpation

Answer 10

applying gentle pressure to feel for abnormal growths

Question 11

pap smear

Answer 11

cells are scraped from the surface of the cervix, smeared on a slide and examined microscopically
-ex of a screening

Question 12

physical examination

Answer 12

-practitioner looks and listens for further manifestations of disease

Question 13

forensic pathology

Answer 13

a subfield of pathology in which accidental and criminal deaths are investigated

Question 14

preventive medicine

Answer 14

discipline that deals with prevention of disease

Question 15

procedure

Answer 15

involves doing some manipulation of the patient beyond that usually done during physical examination

Question 16

history

Answer 16

patient presents the circumstances surrounding the emergence of the problem and describes the severity, quality, and timing of the symptoms

Question 17

radiology

Answer 17

discipline of medicine that uses techniques such as x-rays, computed tomography scans, ultrasound, and nuclear medicine to diagnose disease

Question 18

laboratory medicine

Answer 18

clinical pathology

Question 19

magnetic resonance imaging

Answer 19

uses a computer to record tissue characteristics in tissue planes but differs in that it does not use x-rays

• image is produced by displacing protons in atomic nuclei with radiofrequency signals while the body is surrounded by a a strong magnet
• useful for orthopedic (bone and joint) and neurologic (brain and nerve) imaging
• tumors, infarct, blood clots, abscesses, and other lesions

Question 20

surgical pathology

Answer 20

involves the diagnosis of lesions in pieces of tissue removed from a patient

Question 21

T1 images

Answer 21

give a strong signal for lipids

Question 22

T2 images

Answer 22

give a strong signal for water

Question 23

test

Answer 23

an analysis performed on a specimen removed from a patient

Question 24

ultrasound

Answer 24

measures the reflection of high frequency sound waves as they pass through body tissues

Question 25

pharmacogenomics

Answer 25

involves predicting a particular patients response to particular drugs on the basis of the persons genetic makeup

Question 26

x-ray

Answer 26

dependent on differing absorption properties of tissues as x-rays pass through them

Question 27

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer 27

sequencing of short stretches of a gene

-amplifying or increasing the numbers of a particular gene or short sequence of nucleic acids to aid their detection

Question 28

positron emission tomography (PET)

Answer 28

involves injection of positron-emitting radionucleotides, such as carbon, nitrogen, or oxygen into the body
-shows functional activity of an organ/tissue not just anatomy

Question 29

percussion

Answer 29

gentle tapping over body cavities to detect changes in the resonance of the chamber

Question 30

nuclear medicine

Answer 30

involves the injection of various radioactive materials into the blood stream and subsequently determining their degree of localization within tissue

Question 31

proteomics

Answer 31

refers to the mapping of the patterns of proteins involved in supporting cancerous growths

Question 32

public health laboratory

Answer 32

established by governments to help in the control of communicable diseases

Question 33

targeted therapy

Answer 33

treatment with particular drugs if the substrate on which they act is known to be present
-ex. breast cancer is tested for presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors and a particular growth factor receptor

Question 34

ultrasound

Answer 34

measures the reflection of high frequency sound waves as they pass through body tissues
-useful in studying cystic structures such as gallbladder, urinary bladder, and the pregnant uterus

Question 35

autopsy

Answer 35

the postmortem examination of a body