Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HAN 312 > 12. Respiratory > Flashcards

12. Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

adenoids

A

lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

-pharyngeal tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

alveolus

A

air sac in the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

apex of the lung

A
  • tip or uppermost portion of the lung
  • apical means pertaining to or located at the apex
  • apex is at the bottom
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

bronchioles

A

smallest branches of the bronchi

-terminal bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

bronchus

A

branch of the trachea that is a passageway into the lungs

-bronchial tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

carbon dioxide

A

gas produced by body cells when oxygen and carbon atoms from food combine
-exhaled through the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cilia

A
  • thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract
  • clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

diaphragm

A
  • muscles separating the chest and abdomen

- contracts to pull air into the lungs and relaxes to push air out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

epiglottis

A

lid like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

expiration

A

breathing out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

glottis

A

slit like opening to the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hilum of the lung

A

midline region where the bronchi. blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs
-hilar means pertaining to the hilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

inspiration

A

breathing in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

larynx

A

voice box

-containing the vocal cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

lobe

A

division of a lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

mediastinum

A

region between the lungs in the chest cavity

-contains the trachea, heart, lymph nodes, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

nares

A

openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

oxygen

A

gas that makes up 21 percent of the air

-passes into bloodstream at the lungs and travels to body cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

palatine tonsil

A

-one of a pair of almond shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

palatine

A

-means pertaining to the roof of mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

paranasal sinus

A

one of the air cavities in the bones near the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

parietal pleura

A

outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

pharynx

A

throat

-including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

pleura

A

double layered membrane surrounding each lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

pleural cavity

A

-space between the fold of the pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

pulmonary parenchyma

A
  • essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration

- bronchioles and alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

respiration

A

process of moving air into and out of the lungs

-breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

trachea

A

windpipe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

visceral pleura

A

inner layer of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

alveol/o

A

alveolus, air sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

bronch/o; bronchi/o

A

bronchial tube, bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchiole, small bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

capn/o

A

carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

coni/o

A

dust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

epiglott/o

A

epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx, voice box

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

lob/o

A

lobe of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

mediastin/o

A

mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

nas/o

A

nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

orth/o

A

straight, upright

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

pector/o

A

chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx, throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

phon/o

A

voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

phren/o

A

diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

pneum/o; pneumon/o

A

air, lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

52
Q

sinus/o

A

sinus, cavity

53
Q

spir/o

A

breathing

54
Q

tel/o

A

complete

55
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

56
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsils

57
Q

trache/o

A

trachea, windpipe

58
Q

-ema

A

condition

59
Q

-osmia

A

smell

60
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

61
Q

-ptysis

A

spitting

62
Q

-sphyxia

A

pulse

63
Q

-thorax

A

pleural cavity, chest

64
Q

auscultation

A

listening to sounds within the body

-use stethoscope

65
Q

percussion

A
  • tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure
  • lungs -> hollow note
  • fluid filled lung -> dullness
66
Q

pleural rub

A
  • scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other
  • friction rub
  • pleure are roughened and thickened by inflammation, infection, scarring, or neoplastic
  • heart on auscultation
67
Q

rales (Crackles)

A
  • fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli
  • pneumonia, bronchiectasis, acute bronchitis
68
Q

rhonchi

A
  • loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum
  • resemble snoring
  • caused by secretion in larger bronchial tubes
69
Q

sputum

A
  • material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting
  • purulent sputum- green/brown
70
Q

purulent

A

containing pus

71
Q

stridor

A
  • strained, high pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx
  • causes: throat abscess, airway injury, croup, allergic reaction, or epiglottis, and laryngitis
72
Q

wheezes

A
  • continuous high pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing
  • when air is forced through narrowed or obstructed passage
73
Q

croup

A

acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor
-caused by influenza viruses or RSV

74
Q

diphtheria

A
  • acute inflammation of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the dyphtheria bacterium
  • inflammation
  • leathery, opaque membrane
75
Q

epistaxis

A

-nosebleed

76
Q

pertussis

A
  • whooping cough
  • highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis
  • characterized by paroxysmal (violent, sudden) spasms of coughing that ends in a loud whooping inspiration
77
Q

asthma

A

-chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production

78
Q

bronchiectasis

A
  • chronic dilation of a bronchus, usually secondary to infection
  • loss of elasticity of the bronchi
  • secretions puddle and do not drain normally
  • purulent sputum
79
Q

chornic bronchitis

A
  • inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time
  • type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • infection and cigarette smoking cause
  • secretion of often infected mucus, cough and obstruction
80
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretion in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally
-genetic mutation

81
Q

atelectasis

A
  • collapsed lung

- incomplete expansion of alveoli

82
Q

emphysema

A
  • hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
  • loss of elasticity
  • form of COPD
  • strong association with smoking
83
Q

lung cancer

A
  • malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi
  • non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
  • small cell lung cancer (SCLC)
84
Q

non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

A
  • 90%

- 3 types: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell lung cancer

85
Q

pneumonconiosis

A
  • abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis
  • anthracosis- coal
  • asbestosis- asbestos
  • silicosis- silica
  • grinders disease- glass
86
Q

asbest/o

A

asbestos

87
Q

anthrac/o

A

dust

88
Q

silic/o

A

rocks

89
Q

pneumonia

A
  • acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction
  • consolidates alveoli
  • lobar penumonia- entire lobe of lung
  • bronchopenumonia- limited patchy consolidation
  • aspiration pneumonia- caused by food, lodging
90
Q

pulmonary abscess

A

-large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs

91
Q

pulmonary edema

A
  • fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

- caused by the inability of heart to pump blood

92
Q

pulmonary embolism (PE)

A
  • clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung
  • embolus travels from distant veins
  • necrotic tissue
  • chest pain
  • CT scan
  • blood in sputum
93
Q

pulmonary fibrosis

A

-formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs

94
Q

sarcoidosis

A
  • chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs
  • x ray
95
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A
  • infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected
  • highly contagious
96
Q

mesothelioma

A

rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura

97
Q

pleural effusion

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (Cavity)

  1. exudates- fluid from tumors and infections
  2. transudates- fluid from congestive heart failure, pulmonary embolism, or cirrhosis
98
Q

pleurisy (pleuritis)

A

inflammation of the pleura

99
Q

pneumothorax

A

collection of air in the pleural space

-communication between alveolus or bronchus with the pleural cavity

100
Q

anthracosis

A

-coal dust accumulation in lung

101
Q

bacilli

A

rod shaped bacteria

102
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A
  • chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes and lungs
  • caused by smoking, pollution , infection, asthma
103
Q

cor pulmonale

A

-failure of the right side of the heart to pump sufficient amount of blood to lungs because of underlying lung disease

104
Q

hydrothorax

A

-collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

105
Q

infiltrate

A

-collection of fluid or other materials within the lung, as seen on chest film, ct scan, or other radiologic image

106
Q

palliative

A

-relieving symptoms, but not curing

107
Q

paroxysmal

A

-pertaining to sa sudden occurrence, such as spasms or seizure

108
Q

oxysm/o

A

sudden

109
Q

pulmonary infarction

A

-area of necrosis

110
Q

chest x-ray (CXR)

A

-chest film

111
Q

ventilation perfusion (V/Q) scan

A
  • detection device records radioactivity in the lung after intravenous injection of a radioisotope and inhalation of a small amount of radioactive gas (Xenon)
  • identify areas of the lung not receiving adequate air flow or blood flow
  • air flow without blood flow -> embolus
112
Q

ventilation

A

air flow

113
Q

perfusion

A

blood flow

114
Q

bronchoscopy

A
  • fiberoptic endoscope exam of the bronchial tubes
  • places through throat, larynx, trachea into bronchial
  • scrapes tissue
115
Q

endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)

A

-performed during bronchoscopy to diagnose lung cancer

116
Q

endotracheal intubation

A
  • placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway
  • ventilator
117
Q

laryngoscopy

A

-visual exam of voice box

118
Q

lung biopsy

A

-removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic exam

119
Q

mediastinoscopy

A
  • endoscopic visual exam of the mediastinum

- incision made above breastbone

120
Q

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

A
  • tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs: airway function, lung volume, and the capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently
  • evaluate patients with short breath
  • monitor lung function
  • evaluate disability
  • assess lung before surgery
121
Q

spirometer

A

measures the volume and rate of air passing into and out of lungs

122
Q

thoracentesis

A

-surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space

123
Q

thoracotomy

A
  • large surgical incision of the chest

- for lung biopsy and resections

124
Q

thoracoscopy (thorascopy)

A
  • visual exam of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope
  • video assisted thoracic surgery (VATS)
  • view chest from video monitor
125
Q

tracheostomy

A

-surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck

126
Q

tuberculin test

A
  • determines past or present tuberculous infection based on a positive skin reaction
  • ex. head test, tine test mantoux test
127
Q

tube thoracostomy

A
  • a flexible plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through an opening in the chest
  • remove air, fluid, pus

HAN 312 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions