Quiz 1 & 2 Flashcards
Patient Medical Record: Case Study
A 37 year old white male is seen in the Emergency Department with left upper quadrant pain of 2 weeks duration, diarrhea for 3 days, low grade fever, weight loss, malaise (uneasy), chills, dizziness on standing, poor oral intake, and odynophagia (difficulty swallowing) to both liquids and solids of 1 month duration
Past Medical History:
- IDDM (insulin diabetic) diagnosed at age of 13 years
- Cadaveric renal transplant 7 years ago
- Myocardial infarct 7 years ago
- peptic ulcer disease
- multiple medications need medication list
Social History:
-non-smoker, no ETOH or drug abuse
Physical Exam:
- vital signs- BP: 82/46 + orthostatic, HR: 106 (high), T:98.8, Sat:98%
- Patient shows signs of pallor, cachexia, orthostatic hypotension (standing BP)
- oral cavity- no thrush in oropharynx
- Ext: L small toe amputation
- Chest- CTA bilateral
- CVR- S1, S2 CTA,3/6 MSM apex to axilla
- ABD- soft, mild, tender L side, splenomegaly 4 cm below the costal margin, rectal: heme (-)
- neuro: A and O x3 (alert and oriented)
Average bp
119/70’s
-pathy
disease
-descriptive
post-
after, behind
-cyt/o
cell
pertaining to
- al
- um
- ic
- ac
- ical
- ose
- ous
- ior
- eal
- iac
- ar
- ary
- tic
- eal
-cardi-
heart
attrition rate
- reducing
- people leaving or moving out of a large group
hepat/o
liver
ilium
a part of the hip bone
ileum
refers to a part of the small intestine
-e- eating
-hemat-
blood
-logy
process of study
root
- foundation of the world
- all medical terms have one or more roots
suffix
- word endings
- all medical terms have a suffix
combining vowel
- usually o
- links the root to the suffix or the root to another root
- no meaning
- dropped when the suffix starts with a vowel
- if it is connecting two roots the combining vowel is kept even if the second root starts with a vowel
-gram
record
-gastr-
stomach
enter/o
intestines
order of roots
- when a term contains two or more roots related to parts of the body, anatomic position often determines which root comes first
- ex. stomach receives food before intestine -> gastroenterology
combining form
- word root + vowel
- ex. hemato, gastro, cardio
prefix
- small part attached to the beginning of a term
- not all medical terms have a prefix
- can change word meaning
- descriptive
hypo-
- below
- deficient
- under
- less than normal
- prefix
epi-
- above
- upon
- prefix
-oma
-tumor or mass
aden/o
gland
arthr/o
-joint
bi/o
-life
-opsy
- process of viewing
- suffix
carcin/o
-cancer, cancerous
cephal/o
-head
cerebr/o
-cerebrum
cis/o
-to cut
in-
- into
- in
- not
- prefix
process of
- ion
- y
- suffix
- ism
ex-, exo-
- out
- outside of
- outward
- prefix
crin/o
-to secrete
endo-, end-
-within
cyst/o
- urinary bladder
- a sac or a cyst
-scopy
- process of visual examination
- complex suffix
- -scop– visual examination
- -y- process
derm/o
-skin
dermat/o
-skin
electr/o
electricity
encephal/o
-entire brain
erythr/o
red
-ectomy
-excision or removal
-tomy
- complex suffix
- processes of cutting
- tom- to cut
- y- process of
glyc/o
-sugar
-
hyper-
-excessive, above, or more than normal
-emia
-blood condition
gnos/o
-knowledge
condition of
- sis
- osis
- y
- ia
- ism
dia-
complete, through
gynec/o
-women, female
-globin
-protein
hem/o
blood
iatr/o
-treatment, physician
-genic
- pertaining to producing, produced by, produced in
- iatrogenic- condition that results from treatment from a physician
leuk/o
white
log/o
study of
nephr/o
- kidney
- used with -osis, -itis, and -ectomy to describe adnormal conditions
onc/o
-tumor (cancerous)
-ist
-someone who specializes in a field of medicine
ophthalm/o
-eye
-scope
-an instrument of visual examination
oste/o
-bone
path/o
-disease
ped/o
-child
psych/o
-mind
radi/o
x-rays
ren/o
- kidney
- used with -al to describe kidney
rhin/o
-nose
neur/o
nerve
sarc/o
flesh
sect/o
to cut
re-
- back, backward, again
- resection- cutting out or removal (excision)
thromb/o
- clot, clotting
- thrombocyte- plateletes
- thrombus- actual clot
- thrombosis- condition of clot formation
-osis
-condition
ur/o
-urinary tract, urine
-algia
-pain
no, not, without
a-
an-
self, own
aut-
auto-
peri-
-surrounding, around
-um
-a structure
pro-
-before, forward
-state
- stands
- prostate- stands before (in front of the male urinary bladder)
retro-
-behind
sub-, infra-
-below, under
trans-
-across, through
complex suffix
- contain an embedded root word
- OPSy
- LOGy
- SCOPy
metr/o
- to measure
- optometrist- health care professional who examines eyes and prescribes corrective lenses and may treat eye diseases
optician
-grinds lenses and fits glasses but does not examine eyes
plurals
- is
- es
hyperthyroidism
-condition of excessive secretion of thyroxine
umbilicis
-belly button
four quadrants
- RUQ- liver, gallbladder, parts of pancreas, parts of L and S intestine
- LUQ- spleen, stomach, liver, part of pancreas, parts of the S and L intestine
- LLQ- colon, female organs, parts of the L and S intestine, ureter
- RLQ- appendix, female organs, parts of the S and L intestine, ureter
5 cavities-
- thoracic
- abdominal
- pelvic
- spinal
the centrally located space outside of and between the lungs is known as the
-mediastinum
prone
on stomach
supine
on back
lateral recumbent
-fetal position
fowler position
45 degree angle sitting
dorsal recumbent
laying legs apart knees up
-dorsal lithotomy position
sign
- something you can visibly see
- found through examination
- doctor finds it
- objective
- indicative
- physical
- HCP/staff
symptom
- something you feel
- reported by the patient
- experience
- subjective
- history
- chief complaint (CC)
history of present illness (HPI)
-mixture of sign and symptoms
something that is a sign and symptom
-you can feel feverish and then when you check it it is being measured
anemia
- condition of low number of erythrocytes
- an- without
- em- shortened for hem -> blood
- ia- condition
-iatry
treatment
-crine
to secrete
chromosomes
- every cell has 23 paired chromosomes (46)
- sex cells have 23 unpaired chromosomes
genes
- regions of DNA within each chromosome
- each gene contains DNA- regulates activity according to its sequence on each chromosome
Down Syndrome
- karyotype shoes 47 chromosomes
- extra chromosome at 21
- trisomy 21 syndrome
-plasm
-formation
cytoplasm
- carries on the work of the cell
- contains specialized apparatus to supply the chemical needs of the cell
catabolism
- complex food is broken down into simple substances and energy is released
- provides energy for cells to do the work of the body
- occurs in mitochondria
- make up metabolism
- cata- down
- bol- cast
- ism- process
anabolism
- occurring on the ER
- process of building proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids
- make up metabolism
- ana- up
- bol- cast
- ism- process
metabolism
- meta- change
- bol- cast
- ism- process
- catabolism and anabolism
- total of the chemical processes in a cell
- increased levels of thyroid hormones increases metabolism
hist/o
tissue
epithelial tissue
- forms the lining of internal organs
- outer surface of the skin covering the body
- lines exocrine and endocrine glands and is responsible for the secretions that the glands produce
muscle tissue
- voluntary muscle
- involuntary muscle
- cardiac muscle
connective tissue
- adipose (fat) tissue
- cartilage
- bone
- blood
nerve
-conducts impulses all over the body
viscera
- singular: viscus
- internal organs
ureters
- tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
- two e’s two ureters
urethra
-tube from the bladder to the outside of the body
pituitary gland
at the base of the brain
-endocrine gland
thyroid gland
in the neck
- surrounds the trachea
- endocrine gland
pharynx
- throat
- serves as the common passageway from food and air
Cranial cavity
- brain
- pituitary gland
- dorsal cavity
- surrounded by skull
- cranial- pertaining to the skull
thoracic cavity
- lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta
- divided into:
- pleural cavity- surrounds the lungs, space between the pleura- double folded membraes surrounding each lung
- mediastium- space outside and between the lungs, contains heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus, bronchial tubes, many lymph nodes
- ventral cavity
abdominal/ peritoneal cavity
- peritoneum- double folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity (hold things together and in place)
- kidneys are behind ab cavity
- stomach, small and large intestine, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder
- diaphragm divides ab and thoracic cavity
- ventral cavity
pelvic cavity
- portions of the small and large intestine, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, ureters, uterus and vagina in females
- ventral cavity
Spinal cavity
- nerves of the spinal cord
- space within the spinal column containing spinal cord (spinal canal)
- dorsal cavity
dors/o
back
ventr/o
belly
abdominopelvic cavity
-combine the ab and pelvic cavity because they are not separated
meninges
-membranes surrounding the brain spinal cord
