Quiz 1 & 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Patient Medical Record: Case Study
A
A 37 year old white male is seen in the Emergency Department with left upper quadrant pain of 2 weeks duration, diarrhea for 3 days, low grade fever, weight loss, malaise (uneasy), chills, dizziness on standing, poor oral intake, and odynophagia (difficulty swallowing) to both liquids and solids of 1 month duration
Past Medical History:
- IDDM (insulin diabetic) diagnosed at age of 13 years
- Cadaveric renal transplant 7 years ago
- Myocardial infarct 7 years ago
- peptic ulcer disease
- multiple medications need medication list
Social History:
-non-smoker, no ETOH or drug abuse
Physical Exam:
- vital signs- BP: 82/46 + orthostatic, HR: 106 (high), T:98.8, Sat:98%
- Patient shows signs of pallor, cachexia, orthostatic hypotension (standing BP)
- oral cavity- no thrush in oropharynx
- Ext: L small toe amputation
- Chest- CTA bilateral
- CVR- S1, S2 CTA,3/6 MSM apex to axilla
- ABD- soft, mild, tender L side, splenomegaly 4 cm below the costal margin, rectal: heme (-)
- neuro: A and O x3 (alert and oriented)
2
Q
Average bp
A
119/70’s
3
Q
-pathy
A
disease
-descriptive
4
Q
post-
A
after, behind
5
Q
-cyt/o
A
cell
6
Q
pertaining to
A
- al
- um
- ic
- ac
- ical
- ose
- ous
- ior
- eal
- iac
- ar
- ary
- tic
- eal
7
Q
-cardi-
A
heart
8
Q
attrition rate
A
- reducing
- people leaving or moving out of a large group
9
Q
hepat/o
A
liver
10
Q
ilium
A
a part of the hip bone
11
Q
ileum
A
refers to a part of the small intestine
-e- eating
12
Q
-hemat-
A
blood
13
Q
-logy
A
process of study
14
Q
root
A
- foundation of the world
- all medical terms have one or more roots
15
Q
suffix
A
- word endings
- all medical terms have a suffix
16
Q
combining vowel
A
- usually o
- links the root to the suffix or the root to another root
- no meaning
- dropped when the suffix starts with a vowel
- if it is connecting two roots the combining vowel is kept even if the second root starts with a vowel
17
Q
-gram
A
record
18
Q
-gastr-
A
stomach
19
Q
enter/o
A
intestines
20
Q
order of roots
A
- when a term contains two or more roots related to parts of the body, anatomic position often determines which root comes first
- ex. stomach receives food before intestine -> gastroenterology
21
Q
combining form
A
- word root + vowel
- ex. hemato, gastro, cardio
22
Q
prefix
A
- small part attached to the beginning of a term
- not all medical terms have a prefix
- can change word meaning
- descriptive
23
Q
hypo-
A
- below
- deficient
- under
- less than normal
- prefix
24
Q
epi-
A
- above
- upon
- prefix
25
-oma
-tumor or mass
26
aden/o
gland
27
arthr/o
-joint
28
bi/o
-life
29
-opsy
- process of viewing
| - suffix
30
carcin/o
-cancer, cancerous
31
cephal/o
-head
32
cerebr/o
-cerebrum
33
cis/o
-to cut
34
in-
- into
- in
- not
- prefix
35
process of
- ion
- y
- suffix
- ism
36
ex-, exo-
- out
- outside of
- outward
- prefix
37
crin/o
-to secrete
38
endo-, end-
-within
39
cyst/o
- urinary bladder
| - a sac or a cyst
40
-scopy
- process of visual examination
- complex suffix
- -scop-- visual examination
- -y- process
41
derm/o
-skin
42
dermat/o
-skin
43
electr/o
electricity
44
encephal/o
-entire brain
45
erythr/o
red
46
-ectomy
-excision or removal
47
-tomy
- complex suffix
- processes of cutting
- tom- to cut
- y- process of
48
glyc/o
-sugar
| -
49
hyper-
-excessive, above, or more than normal
50
-emia
-blood condition
51
gnos/o
-knowledge
52
condition of
- sis
- osis
- y
- ia
- ism
53
dia-
complete, through
54
gynec/o
-women, female
55
-globin
-protein
56
hem/o
blood
57
iatr/o
-treatment, physician
58
-genic
- pertaining to producing, produced by, produced in
| - iatrogenic- condition that results from treatment from a physician
59
leuk/o
white
60
log/o
study of
61
nephr/o
- kidney
| - used with -osis, -itis, and -ectomy to describe adnormal conditions
62
onc/o
-tumor (cancerous)
63
-ist
-someone who specializes in a field of medicine
64
ophthalm/o
-eye
65
-scope
-an instrument of visual examination
66
oste/o
-bone
67
path/o
-disease
68
ped/o
-child
69
psych/o
-mind
70
radi/o
x-rays
71
ren/o
- kidney
| - used with -al to describe kidney
72
rhin/o
-nose
73
neur/o
nerve
74
sarc/o
flesh
75
sect/o
to cut
76
re-
- back, backward, again
| - resection- cutting out or removal (excision)
77
thromb/o
- clot, clotting
- thrombocyte- plateletes
- thrombus- actual clot
- thrombosis- condition of clot formation
78
-osis
-condition
79
ur/o
-urinary tract, urine
80
-algia
-pain
81
no, not, without
a-
| an-
82
self, own
aut-
| auto-
83
peri-
-surrounding, around
84
-um
-a structure
85
pro-
-before, forward
86
-state
- stands
| - prostate- stands before (in front of the male urinary bladder)
87
retro-
-behind
88
sub-, infra-
-below, under
89
trans-
-across, through
90
complex suffix
- contain an embedded root word
- OPSy
- LOGy
- SCOPy
91
metr/o
- to measure
| - optometrist- health care professional who examines eyes and prescribes corrective lenses and may treat eye diseases
92
optician
-grinds lenses and fits glasses but does not examine eyes
93
plurals
- is
| - es
94
hyperthyroidism
-condition of excessive secretion of thyroxine
95
umbilicis
-belly button
96
four quadrants
- RUQ- liver, gallbladder, parts of pancreas, parts of L and S intestine
- LUQ- spleen, stomach, liver, part of pancreas, parts of the S and L intestine
- LLQ- colon, female organs, parts of the L and S intestine, ureter
- RLQ- appendix, female organs, parts of the S and L intestine, ureter
97
5 cavities-
- thoracic
- abdominal
- pelvic
- spinal
98
the centrally located space outside of and between the lungs is known as the
-mediastinum
99
prone
on stomach
100
supine
on back
101
lateral recumbent
-fetal position
102
fowler position
45 degree angle sitting
103
dorsal recumbent
laying legs apart knees up
| -dorsal lithotomy position
104
sign
- something you can visibly see
- found through examination
- doctor finds it
- objective
- indicative
- physical
- HCP/staff
105
symptom
- something you feel
- reported by the patient
- experience
- subjective
- history
- chief complaint (CC)
106
history of present illness (HPI)
-mixture of sign and symptoms
107
something that is a sign and symptom
-you can feel feverish and then when you check it it is being measured
108
anemia
- condition of low number of erythrocytes
- an- without
- em- shortened for hem -> blood
- ia- condition
109
-iatry
treatment
110
-crine
to secrete
111
chromosomes
- every cell has 23 paired chromosomes (46)
| - sex cells have 23 unpaired chromosomes
112
genes
- regions of DNA within each chromosome
| - each gene contains DNA- regulates activity according to its sequence on each chromosome
113
Down Syndrome
- karyotype shoes 47 chromosomes
- extra chromosome at 21
- trisomy 21 syndrome
114
-plasm
-formation
115
cytoplasm
- carries on the work of the cell
| - contains specialized apparatus to supply the chemical needs of the cell
116
catabolism
- complex food is broken down into simple substances and energy is released
- provides energy for cells to do the work of the body
- occurs in mitochondria
- make up metabolism
- cata- down
- bol- cast
- ism- process
117
anabolism
- occurring on the ER
- process of building proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids
- make up metabolism
- ana- up
- bol- cast
- ism- process
118
metabolism
- meta- change
- bol- cast
- ism- process
- catabolism and anabolism
- total of the chemical processes in a cell
- increased levels of thyroid hormones increases metabolism
119
hist/o
tissue
120
epithelial tissue
- forms the lining of internal organs
- outer surface of the skin covering the body
- lines exocrine and endocrine glands and is responsible for the secretions that the glands produce
121
muscle tissue
- voluntary muscle
- involuntary muscle
- cardiac muscle
122
connective tissue
- adipose (fat) tissue
- cartilage
- bone
- blood
123
nerve
-conducts impulses all over the body
124
viscera
- singular: viscus
| - internal organs
125
ureters
- tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
| - two e's two ureters
126
urethra
-tube from the bladder to the outside of the body
127
pituitary gland
at the base of the brain
| -endocrine gland
128
thyroid gland
in the neck
- surrounds the trachea
- endocrine gland
129
pharynx
- throat
| - serves as the common passageway from food and air
130
Cranial cavity
- brain
- pituitary gland
- dorsal cavity
- surrounded by skull
- cranial- pertaining to the skull
131
thoracic cavity
- lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta
- divided into:
- pleural cavity- surrounds the lungs, space between the pleura- double folded membraes surrounding each lung
- mediastium- space outside and between the lungs, contains heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus, bronchial tubes, many lymph nodes
- ventral cavity
132
abdominal/ peritoneal cavity
- peritoneum- double folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity (hold things together and in place)
- kidneys are behind ab cavity
- stomach, small and large intestine, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder
- diaphragm divides ab and thoracic cavity
- ventral cavity
133
pelvic cavity
- portions of the small and large intestine, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, ureters, uterus and vagina in females
- ventral cavity
134
Spinal cavity
- nerves of the spinal cord
- space within the spinal column containing spinal cord (spinal canal)
- dorsal cavity
135
dors/o
back
136
ventr/o
belly
137
abdominopelvic cavity
-combine the ab and pelvic cavity because they are not separated
138
meninges
-membranes surrounding the brain spinal cord
139
periosteum
-protects bone
140
pleural effusion
-collection of fluid in the pleural cavity
141
chondr/o
cartilage
142
inguin/o
groin
| -where the legs join the trunk of the body
143
left and right hypochondriac region
-upper region below the cartilage of the ribs that extend over the abs
144
right and left lumbar region
-middle region near waist
145
right and left inguinal region
- lower region near the groin
| - aka iliac region
146
epigastric region
-region above stomach
147
hypogastric region
-middle lower region below the umbilical region
148
division of the back
- cervical- neck region, 7 cervical vertebrae
- thoracic- chest region, 12 thoracic vertebrae, each bone is joined to a rib
- lumbar- loin (waist), 5 lumbar vertebrae
- sacral- five bones are fused to form one bone
- coccygeal- coccyx (tailbone) is a small bone composed of four fused pieces
149
spinal column
bone tissue
150
spinal cord
nervous tissue
151
disk, disc
- between vertebrae
- composed of water and cartilage
- shock absorber
152
abdomin/o
abdomen
153
adip/o
fat
154
-ose
-pertaining to or full of
155
anter/o
front
156
cervic/o
neck (of the body or uterus)
157
chrom/o
color
158
coccyg/o
coccyx
159
crani/o
skull
160
dist/o
far, distant
161
ili/o
ilium
162
kary/o
nucleus
163
-type
classification or picture
164
later/o
-side
165
lumb/o
lower back
166
medi/o
middle
167
nucle/o
nucleus
168
pelv/i
pelvis
169
poster/o
back, behind
170
proxim/o
nearest
171
sacr/o
sacrum
172
spin/o
spine, backbone
173
thel/o, theli/o
nipple
174
thorac/o
chest
175
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
176
umbilic/o
navel, umbilicus
177
ventr/o
belly side of the body
178
vertebr/o
vertebrae, backbone
179
viscer/o
internal organs
180
inter-
between
181
intra-
within, into
182
-somes
bodies
183
the pharynx is located ---- to the esophagus
superior
184
acr/o
extremities, top, extreme point
185
acu/o
sharp, severe, sudden
186
amni/o
amnion (sac surrounding the embryo in the uterus
187
angi/o
vessel
188
arteri/o
artery
189
axill/o
armpit
190
blephar/o
eyelid
191
bronch/o
bronchial tubes
192
chem/o
drug, chemical
193
chron/o
time
194
col/o, colon/o
colon
195
hydr/o
water, fluid
196
isch/o
to hold back
197
lapar/o
abdomen, abdominal wall
198
laryng/o
larynx
199
lymph/o
lymph
200
mamm/o
breast
201
mast/o
breat
202
morph/o
shape, form
203
muc/o
mucus
204
my/o
muscle
205
myel/o
spinal cord, bone marrow
206
necr/o
death
207
neutr/o
neutrophil (WBC)
208
ot/o
ear
209
peritone/o
peritoneum
210
phag/o
to eat, swallow
211
phleb/o
vein
212
plas/o
formation, development
213
pleur/o
pleura (membrane surrounding lungs and adjacent to chest wall)
214
pneumon/o
lungs
215
pulmon/o
lungs
216
rect/o
rectum
217
splen/o
spleen
218
staphyl/o
clusters
219
strept/o
twisted chains
220
thorac/o
chest
221
tonsill/o
tonsils
222
ven/o
vein
223
Rules for combining forms ending in X
substitute g for x
- coccyg/o
- laryng/o
- pharyng/o
- phalang/o
224
-cele
-hernia
225
-centesis
-surgical puncture to remove fluid
226
- coccus (singular)
| - cocci (plural)
-berry-shaped bacterium/a
227
-dynia
-pain
228
-genesis
-condition of producing, forming
229
-graph
-instrument for recording
230
-graphy
process of recording
231
-lysis
-breakdown, destruction, separation
232
-malacia
-softening
233
-megaly
-enlargement
234
-penia
-deficiency
235
-phobia
fear
236
-plasia
development, formation, growth
237
-plasty
surgical repair
238
-ptosis
-drooping, falling, prolapse
239
-rrhea
flow, discharge
240
-sclerosis
-hardening
241
-stasis
-controlling, stopping
242
-stomy
-opening to form a mouth
243
-therapy
-treatment
244
-trophy
-development, nourishment
245
-er
one who
| -radiographer- someone who assists in the making of diagnostic x-ray pictures
246
little, small
- ule
| - ole
247
-um, -ium
-structure, tissue
248
-us
-structure, substance
249
-oid
-resembling, derived from
250
pre-
before, in front of
251
supra-
above, upper
252
poly-
many, much
253
dys-
painful, bad, difficult, abnormal
254
where does medical terminology come from
- word parts derived from early languages
- modern language
- proper names
255
if the suffix begins with the same vowel as the combining form ends with
- do not repeat it
- cardi/o
- itis
- carditis
256
ab-
away from
257
ad-
towards
258
ana-
up, apart
259
ante-
before, forward
260
anti-
against
261
bi-
two
262
brady-
slow
263
con-
together
264
contra-
against, opposite
265
de-
down, lack of
266
dia-
through, complete
267
dorsi-
back
268
ec-, ecto-
out, outside
269
eu-
good, normal
270
hemi-
half
271
macro-
large
272
mal-
bad
273
mega-
large
274
micro-
small
275
mono-
one
276
multi-
many
277
oxy-, ox/o
oxygen
278
pan-
all
279
para-
near, besides, abnormal, apart from, along the side of
280
per-
through
281
primi-
first
282
pro-
before, forward
283
pseudo-
false
284
quadri-
four
285
re-
back, backward, again
286
retro-
behind, backward
287
syn-, sym-
together, with
288
tachy-
fast
289
tetra-
four
290
tri-
three
291
ultra-
beyond, excess
292
uni-
one
293
-acusis
hearing
294
-apheresis
removal, a carrying away
295
-arche
begining
296
-asthenia
-lack of strength
297
-blast
immature cell, embryonic
298
-capnia
-carbon dioxide
299
-chezia
-defecation, elimination of wastes
300
-contriction
narrowing
301
-cusis
hearing
302
-cytosis
abnormal condition of cells
303
-dilation
widening, stretching, expanding
304
-ectasia
-stretching, dilation, dilatation, widening
305
-ectasis
stretching, dilating, widening
306
-edema
abnormally large volume of fluid in interstitial space
307
-emesis
vomiting
308
-ernia
to bind, tie together
309
-esthesia
sensation
310
-flexion
a bending movement around a joint in a limb
311
-fusion
coming together, to pour
312
-in, -ine
a substance
313
-kinesia, -kinesis
movement
314
-kinetic
movement
315
carp/o
wrist bones
316
cost/o
rib
317
cutane/o
skin
318
dactyl/o
fingers, toes
319
duct/o
to lead, carry
320
flex/o
to bend
321
gloss/o
tongue
322
immun/o
protection
323
morph/o
shape, form
324
mort/o
death
325
nat/i
birth
326
norm/o
rule, order
327
pub/o
pubic, anterior portion of the pelvic or hipbone
328
seps/o
infection
329
somn/o
sleep
330
son/o
sound
331
the/o
to put, place
332
thry/o
thyroid gland; shield
333
top/o
place, position, location
334
tox/o
poison
335
urethr/o
urethra
336
-drome
to run
337
-mission
to send
338
-meter
to measure
339
-lapse
to slide, fall, sag
340
-gen
substance that produces
341
-or
one who
342
-partum
birth, labor
343
-phoria
to bear, carry, feeling (mental state)
344
-physis
to grow
345
-pnea
breathing
346
neo-
new
347
pros-
before, forward
