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HAN 312 > 9. Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

9. Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

bulbourethral glands

A
  • pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra
  • secrete fluid into the urethra
  • aka cowper glands
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2
Q

ejaculation

A

-ejection of sperm and fluid from the male urethra

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3
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

-tube through which semen enters the male urethra

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4
Q

epididymis

A
  • one of a pair of long, tightly coiled tubes above each testis
  • stores and carries sperm from seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens
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5
Q

erectile dysfunction

A
  • inability of an adult male to achieve an erection

- impotence

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6
Q

flagellum

A

-hair-like projection on a sperm cell that makes it motile (able to move)

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7
Q

fraternal twins

A

-two infants resulting from fertilization of two separate ova by two separate sperm cells

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8
Q

glans penis

A
  • sensitive tip of the penis

- comparable to the clitoris in the female

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9
Q

identical twins

A
  • two infants resulting from division of one fertilized egg into two distinct embryos
  • conjoined twins are incompletely separated identical twins
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10
Q

interstitial cells of the testes

A
  • specialized cells that lie adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testes
  • these cells produce testosterone and are also called leydig cells
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11
Q

parenchymal tissue

A
  • essential distinctive cells of an organ

- in the testis, the seminiferous tubules that produce sperm are parenchymal

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12
Q

penis

A

-male external organ of reproduction

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13
Q

perineum

A

-external region between the anus and scrotum in the male

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14
Q

prepuce

A

foreskin

-fold of skin covering the tip of the penis

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15
Q

prostate gland

A
  • exocrine gland at the base of the male urinary bladder

- prostate secretes fluid that contributes to semen during ejaculation

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16
Q

scrotum

A

external sac that contains the testes

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17
Q

semen

A

-external sac that contains the testes

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18
Q

seminal vesicles

A

-paired sac-like exocrine glands that secrete fluid (a major component of semen) into the vas deferens

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19
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm in the testes

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20
Q

spermatozoon

A

sperm cell

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21
Q

sterilization

A

procedure that removes a persons ability to produce or release reproductive cells
-removal of testicles, vasectomy, and oophorectomy are sterilization procedures

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22
Q

stromal tissue

A
  • supportive, connective tissue of an organ, as distinguished from its parenchyma
  • aka stroma
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23
Q

testis

A
  • male gonad (testicle) that produces spermatozoa and the hormone testosterone
  • testis means one testicle, and testes are two testicles
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24
Q

testosterone

A
  • hormone secreted by the interstitial tissue of the testes

- responsible for male sex characterisitcs

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25
vas deferens
- narrow tube (one on each side) carrying sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra - aka ductus deferens
26
andr/o
male
27
balan/o
glans penis
28
cry/o
cold
29
crypt/o
hidden
30
epididym/o
epididymis
31
gon/o
seed
32
hydr/o
water, fluid
33
orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o
testis, testicle
34
pen/o
penis
35
prostat/o
prostate gland
36
semin/i
semen, seed
37
sperm/o, spermat/o
spermatozoa, semen
38
terat/o
monster
39
test/o
testis, testicle
40
varic/o
varicose veins
41
vas/o
vessel, duct | -vas deferens
42
zo/o
animal life
43
-genesis
formation
44
-one
hormone
45
-pexy
fixation, put in place
46
-stomy
new opening
47
aspermia
no semen at all
48
azoospermia
semen without sperm cells
49
carcinoma of the testes (testicular cancer)
- malignant tumor of the testicles - can be be treated and cured with surgery if detected early (orchiectomy) - younger crowd
50
seminoma
- most common testicular cancer | - arises from embryonic cells in the testes
51
nonseminomatous tumors
- embryonal carcinoma - teratoma - choriocarcinoma - yolk sac
52
tumor markers
- human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) - alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) - serum levels detect these proteins to determine success of treatment
53
cryptorchidism; cryptorchism
- undescended testicle - orchiopexy is performed to bring testes into the scrotum - undescended testicles are associated with high risk for sterility and increased risk of developing testicular cancer
54
hydrocele
- sac of clear fluid in the scrotum - may be congenital or occur as response to infection or tumors - can resolve on its own - aspirated using needle -> or hydroelectomy - sudden onset, no trauma - scrotal swelling - discomfort (not really pain)
55
testicular torsion
- twisting of the spermatic cord - rotation of the spermatic cord cuts off blood supply to testis - surgical correction within hours can save testis - epididymis is not anterior (abnormal) - compresses artieroles and venous -> kill testes - weight lifting, delivery truck drivers
56
varicocele
- enlarged, dilated veins near the testicle - associated with oligospermia and azoospermia - varicocelectomy- internal spermatic vein is ligated (segment is cut out and ends are tied off) - increases fertility - spermatic cord is dilating and twisting - impacting mostly veins (a little arteries) -> can cause testes demise
57
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
- benign growth of cells within the prostate gland - common for old people - inability to pee - treated with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)- relieves obstruction - obstruction may arise again
58
carcinoma of the prostate (prostate cancer)
- malignant tumor (adenocarcinoma) of the prostate gland - old men - digital rectal exam (DRE) can detect tumor - early detection -> prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test
59
PSA
- protein secreted by tumor cells in blood stream - elevated levels in prostate cancer - normal- 4.0 or less - prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test
60
hypospadias
- congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip - corrected surgically
61
-spadias
tearing or cutting
62
phimosis
- narrowing (stricture) of the opening of the prepuce over the glans penis - interferes with urination - causes secretion to accumulate under prepuce -> infection - treatment is circumcisions
63
phim/o
muzzle
64
chlamydial infection
- STI - bacterial invasion of the urethra and reproductive tract - after 3 weeks of infection burning while urination - white discharge from penis - women may experience yellow discharge - antibiotics - intreated-> salpingitis
65
gonorrhea
- inflammation of the genital tract mucosa, caused by infection with gonococci - can affect eye, oral, rectum, joints - signs- dysuria, yellow mucopurulent from penis
66
gon/o
seed
67
herpes genitalis
- infection of skin and genital mucosa, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) - most caused by HSV type 2 - reddening of skin with small fluid-filled blisters and ulcers - inguinal lymphadenopathy, fever, headache, malaise - no cure
68
human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
- infection of the skin and mucous membranes in the anogenital region by the human papillomavirus - genital warts - can cause cancer of the cervix - vaccine are available
69
syphilis
- chronic STI caused by a spirochete (spiral-shaped bacterium) - chancre (ulcer) appears on external genitalia a few weeks after bacterial infection - secondary then occurs two to 6 months after - tertiary includes brain damage, spinal cord, heart -> small pox - penicillin
70
PSA test
- measurement of levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood - PSA produced by cells within prostate gland - elevated levels are associated with enlargement of prostate gland -> prostate cancer
71
semen analysis
- microscopic examination of ejaculated fluid - sperm is counted and examined for motility and shape - fertility study to evaluate effectivness of vasectomy - < 20 mil are sterile - sterility can result in mumps, infectious disease that effects testes
72
castration
surgical excision of testicle or ovaries - can reduce production of secretion of hormones that stimulate malignant cells (breast & prostate) - if done before puberty -> eunuch -> no secondary male characteristics
73
circumcision
-surgical procedure to remove the prepuce of the penis
74
digital rectal examination (DRE)
-finger palpation through the anal canal and rectum to examine the prostate gland
75
photoselective vaporization of the prostate (greenlight PVP)
- removal of tissue to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using a green light laser (laser TURP) - minimally invasive - can replace TURP for treatment of BHP
76
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
- excision of benign prostatic hyperplasia using a resectoscope through the urethra - treats benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) - electrical hot loop cuts the prostatic tissue - treatment and diagnosis - takes a piece of prostate to examine and treat
77
vasectomy
- bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vas deferens - cut vas deferens -> removes a piece -> ligation (typing and binding ends) - on both sides - sterile but not castrated - hormone secretion, sex drive, erection are intact
78
26 year old male presented to the emergency room with acute onset of right-sided scrotal pain -how about 76yo
- testicular cancer more likely for 26yo - more common for prostate problems in 76 - not absolute but likely - enlarged scrotum from STI can be from either
79
anorchism
without testes

HAN 312 (19 decks)

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