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HAN 312 > 9. Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

9. Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

bulbourethral glands

A
  • pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra
  • secrete fluid into the urethra
  • aka cowper glands
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2
Q

ejaculation

A

-ejection of sperm and fluid from the male urethra

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3
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

-tube through which semen enters the male urethra

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4
Q

epididymis

A
  • one of a pair of long, tightly coiled tubes above each testis
  • stores and carries sperm from seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens
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5
Q

erectile dysfunction

A
  • inability of an adult male to achieve an erection

- impotence

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6
Q

flagellum

A

-hair-like projection on a sperm cell that makes it motile (able to move)

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7
Q

fraternal twins

A

-two infants resulting from fertilization of two separate ova by two separate sperm cells

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8
Q

glans penis

A
  • sensitive tip of the penis

- comparable to the clitoris in the female

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9
Q

identical twins

A
  • two infants resulting from division of one fertilized egg into two distinct embryos
  • conjoined twins are incompletely separated identical twins
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10
Q

interstitial cells of the testes

A
  • specialized cells that lie adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testes
  • these cells produce testosterone and are also called leydig cells
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11
Q

parenchymal tissue

A
  • essential distinctive cells of an organ

- in the testis, the seminiferous tubules that produce sperm are parenchymal

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12
Q

penis

A

-male external organ of reproduction

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13
Q

perineum

A

-external region between the anus and scrotum in the male

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14
Q

prepuce

A

foreskin

-fold of skin covering the tip of the penis

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15
Q

prostate gland

A
  • exocrine gland at the base of the male urinary bladder

- prostate secretes fluid that contributes to semen during ejaculation

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16
Q

scrotum

A

external sac that contains the testes

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17
Q

semen

A

-external sac that contains the testes

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18
Q

seminal vesicles

A

-paired sac-like exocrine glands that secrete fluid (a major component of semen) into the vas deferens

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19
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm in the testes

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20
Q

spermatozoon

A

sperm cell

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21
Q

sterilization

A

procedure that removes a persons ability to produce or release reproductive cells
-removal of testicles, vasectomy, and oophorectomy are sterilization procedures

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22
Q

stromal tissue

A
  • supportive, connective tissue of an organ, as distinguished from its parenchyma
  • aka stroma
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23
Q

testis

A
  • male gonad (testicle) that produces spermatozoa and the hormone testosterone
  • testis means one testicle, and testes are two testicles
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24
Q

testosterone

A
  • hormone secreted by the interstitial tissue of the testes

- responsible for male sex characterisitcs

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25
Q

vas deferens

A
  • narrow tube (one on each side) carrying sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra
  • aka ductus deferens
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26
Q

andr/o

A

male

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27
Q

balan/o

A

glans penis

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28
Q

cry/o

A

cold

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29
Q

crypt/o

A

hidden

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30
Q

epididym/o

A

epididymis

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31
Q

gon/o

A

seed

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32
Q

hydr/o

A

water, fluid

33
Q

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o

A

testis, testicle

34
Q

pen/o

A

penis

35
Q

prostat/o

A

prostate gland

36
Q

semin/i

A

semen, seed

37
Q

sperm/o, spermat/o

A

spermatozoa, semen

38
Q

terat/o

A

monster

39
Q

test/o

A

testis, testicle

40
Q

varic/o

A

varicose veins

41
Q

vas/o

A

vessel, duct

-vas deferens

42
Q

zo/o

A

animal life

43
Q

-genesis

A

formation

44
Q

-one

A

hormone

45
Q

-pexy

A

fixation, put in place

46
Q

-stomy

A

new opening

47
Q

aspermia

A

no semen at all

48
Q

azoospermia

A

semen without sperm cells

49
Q

carcinoma of the testes (testicular cancer)

A
  • malignant tumor of the testicles
  • can be be treated and cured with surgery if detected early (orchiectomy)
  • younger crowd
50
Q

seminoma

A
  • most common testicular cancer

- arises from embryonic cells in the testes

51
Q

nonseminomatous tumors

A
  • embryonal carcinoma
  • teratoma
  • choriocarcinoma
  • yolk sac
52
Q

tumor markers

A
  • human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
  • alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
  • serum levels detect these proteins to determine success of treatment
53
Q

cryptorchidism; cryptorchism

A
  • undescended testicle
  • orchiopexy is performed to bring testes into the scrotum
  • undescended testicles are associated with high risk for sterility and increased risk of developing testicular cancer
54
Q

hydrocele

A
  • sac of clear fluid in the scrotum
  • may be congenital or occur as response to infection or tumors
  • can resolve on its own
  • aspirated using needle -> or hydroelectomy
  • sudden onset, no trauma
  • scrotal swelling
  • discomfort (not really pain)
55
Q

testicular torsion

A
  • twisting of the spermatic cord
  • rotation of the spermatic cord cuts off blood supply to testis
  • surgical correction within hours can save testis
  • epididymis is not anterior (abnormal)
  • compresses artieroles and venous -> kill testes
  • weight lifting, delivery truck drivers
56
Q

varicocele

A
  • enlarged, dilated veins near the testicle
  • associated with oligospermia and azoospermia
  • varicocelectomy- internal spermatic vein is ligated (segment is cut out and ends are tied off)
  • increases fertility
  • spermatic cord is dilating and twisting
  • impacting mostly veins (a little arteries) -> can cause testes demise
57
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A
  • benign growth of cells within the prostate gland
  • common for old people
  • inability to pee
  • treated with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)- relieves obstruction
  • obstruction may arise again
58
Q

carcinoma of the prostate (prostate cancer)

A
  • malignant tumor (adenocarcinoma) of the prostate gland
  • old men
  • digital rectal exam (DRE) can detect tumor
  • early detection -> prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test
59
Q

PSA

A
  • protein secreted by tumor cells in blood stream
  • elevated levels in prostate cancer
  • normal- 4.0 or less
  • prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test
60
Q

hypospadias

A
  • congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip
  • corrected surgically
61
Q

-spadias

A

tearing or cutting

62
Q

phimosis

A
  • narrowing (stricture) of the opening of the prepuce over the glans penis
  • interferes with urination
  • causes secretion to accumulate under prepuce -> infection
  • treatment is circumcisions
63
Q

phim/o

A

muzzle

64
Q

chlamydial infection

A
  • STI
  • bacterial invasion of the urethra and reproductive tract
  • after 3 weeks of infection burning while urination
  • white discharge from penis
  • women may experience yellow discharge
  • antibiotics
  • intreated-> salpingitis
65
Q

gonorrhea

A
  • inflammation of the genital tract mucosa, caused by infection with gonococci
  • can affect eye, oral, rectum, joints
  • signs- dysuria, yellow mucopurulent from penis
66
Q

gon/o

A

seed

67
Q

herpes genitalis

A
  • infection of skin and genital mucosa, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV)
  • most caused by HSV type 2
  • reddening of skin with small fluid-filled blisters and ulcers
  • inguinal lymphadenopathy, fever, headache, malaise
  • no cure
68
Q

human papillomavirus (HPV) infection

A
  • infection of the skin and mucous membranes in the anogenital region by the human papillomavirus
  • genital warts
  • can cause cancer of the cervix
  • vaccine are available
69
Q

syphilis

A
  • chronic STI caused by a spirochete (spiral-shaped bacterium)
  • chancre (ulcer) appears on external genitalia a few weeks after bacterial infection
  • secondary then occurs two to 6 months after
  • tertiary includes brain damage, spinal cord, heart -> small pox
  • penicillin
70
Q

PSA test

A
  • measurement of levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood
  • PSA produced by cells within prostate gland
  • elevated levels are associated with enlargement of prostate gland -> prostate cancer
71
Q

semen analysis

A
  • microscopic examination of ejaculated fluid
  • sperm is counted and examined for motility and shape
  • fertility study to evaluate effectivness of vasectomy
  • < 20 mil are sterile
  • sterility can result in mumps, infectious disease that effects testes
72
Q

castration

A

surgical excision of testicle or ovaries

  • can reduce production of secretion of hormones that stimulate malignant cells (breast & prostate)
  • if done before puberty -> eunuch -> no secondary male characteristics
73
Q

circumcision

A

-surgical procedure to remove the prepuce of the penis

74
Q

digital rectal examination (DRE)

A

-finger palpation through the anal canal and rectum to examine the prostate gland

75
Q

photoselective vaporization of the prostate (greenlight PVP)

A
  • removal of tissue to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using a green light laser (laser TURP)
  • minimally invasive
  • can replace TURP for treatment of BHP
76
Q

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

A
  • excision of benign prostatic hyperplasia using a resectoscope through the urethra
  • treats benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
  • electrical hot loop cuts the prostatic tissue
  • treatment and diagnosis
  • takes a piece of prostate to examine and treat
77
Q

vasectomy

A
  • bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vas deferens
  • cut vas deferens -> removes a piece -> ligation (typing and binding ends)
  • on both sides
  • sterile but not castrated
  • hormone secretion, sex drive, erection are intact
78
Q

26 year old male presented to the emergency room with acute onset of right-sided scrotal pain
-how about 76yo

A
  • testicular cancer more likely for 26yo
  • more common for prostate problems in 76
  • not absolute but likely
  • enlarged scrotum from STI can be from either
79
Q

anorchism

A

without testes

HAN 312 (19 decks)

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