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HAN 312 > 17. Special Senses > Flashcards

17. Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

accommodation

A
  • normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near
  • ciliary body adjusts the lens (rounding it) and the pupil constricts
  • when the eye focuses from near to far, the ciliary body flattens the lens and the pupil dilates
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2
Q

anterior chamber

A
  • area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris

- contains aqueous humor

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3
Q

aqueous humor

A
  • fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber
  • humor is any body fluid (blood and lymph)
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4
Q

biconvex

A
  • consisting of two surfaces that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly, like part of a sphere
  • lens of the eye is a biconvex body
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5
Q

choroid

A

-middle, vacular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera

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6
Q

ciliary body

A
  • structure on each side of the lens that connects the choroid and iris
  • contains ciliary muscles, which control the shape of the lens, and it secretes aqueous humor
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7
Q

cone

A
  • photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse
  • responsible for color and central vision
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8
Q

conjunctiva

A

-delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball

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9
Q

cornea

A

-fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball

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10
Q

fovea centralis

A

-tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision

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11
Q

fundus of the eye

A
  • posterior, inner part of the eye

- visualized with an opthalmoscope

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12
Q

iris

A
  • pigmented (colored) layer that opens and closes to allow more or less light into the eye
  • central opening of the iris is the pupil
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13
Q

lens

A
  • transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye

- bends (refracts) light rays to bring them into focus on the retina

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14
Q

macula

A
  • yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc
  • contain the fovea centralis, which is the area of clearest vision
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15
Q

optic chiasm

A

-point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain

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16
Q

optic disc

A
  • region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina
  • blind spot of the eye because it contains only nerve fibers, no rods or cones, and is thus insensitive to light
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17
Q

optic nerve

A

-cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain (cerebral cortex)

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18
Q

pupil

A
  • central opening of the eye
  • surrounded by the iris through which light rays pass
  • appears dark
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19
Q

refraction

A

-bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring the rays into focus on the retina

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20
Q

re-

A

back

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21
Q

-fract

A

break

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22
Q

retina

A

-light-sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones)

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23
Q

rod

A

-photoreceptor cell of the retina essential for vision in low light and for peripheral vision

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24
Q

sclera

A
  • tough
  • white
  • outer coat of the eyeball
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25
thalamus
- relay center of the brain | - optic nerve fibers pass through the thalamus on their way to the cerebral cortex
26
vitreous humor
- soft, jelly like material behind the lends in the vitreous chamber - helps maintain the shape of the eyeball
27
aque/o
water
28
blephar/o
eyelid
29
conjuctiv/o
conjuctiva
30
cor/o
pupil
31
corne/o
cornea
32
cycl/o
ciliary body or muscle of the ye
33
dacry/o
tears, tear duct
34
ir/o, irid/o
iris | -colored portion of the eye
35
kerat/o
cornea
36
lacrim/o
tears
37
ocul/o
eye
38
ophthalm/o
eye
39
opt/o, optic/o
eye, vision
40
palpebr/o
eyelid
41
papill/o
optic disc; nipple like
42
phac/o, phak/o
lens of the eye
43
pupill/o
pupil
44
retin/o
retina
45
scler/o
sclera (white of the eye); hard
46
uve/o
uvea; vascular layer of the eye (iris, ciliary body, and choroid
47
vitre/o
glassy
48
ambly/o
dull, dim
49
dipl/o
double
50
glauc/o
gray
51
mi/o
smaller, less
52
mydr/o
widen, enlarge
53
nyct/o
night
54
phot/o
light
55
presby/o
old age
56
scot/o
darkness
57
xer/o
dry
58
-opia
vision
59
-opsia
vision
60
-tropia
to turn
61
astrigmatism
defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye | -light rays unevenly focused on the retina
62
hyperopia
- farsightedness - importer focus behind retina - biconvex
63
myopia
- nearsightedness - improper focus in front of retina - biconcave
64
presbyopia
-impairment of vision as a result of old age
65
cataract
-clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision
66
chalazion
- small, hard cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid | - chronic inflammation of a sebaceous gland
67
diabetic retinopathy
-retinal effects of diabetes mellitus include microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins, and neovascularization (new blood vessels from in the retina)
68
glaucoma
- increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision - inability to drain aqueous humor from eye
69
hordeolum
- localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous oil-producing gland in the eyelid - stye
70
macular degeneration
- progressive damage to the macula of the retina | - causes blindness
71
nystagmus
- repetitive rhythmic movement of one or both eyes - normal in newborns - can be caused by brain tumor or disease of inner ear
72
retinal detachment
- two layer of the retina separate from each other | - trauma to the eye, injury can cause
73
strabismus
- abnormal deviation of the eye - failure of eyes to look in same direction - due to weakness of eye muscle
74
trabecul/o
small beam, rod, plank of wood
75
blepharitis
-inflammation of eyelid, causing redness, crusting, and swelling along lid margins
76
chalazion
-granuloma formed around an inflamed sebaceous gland
77
dacryocystitis
- blockage, inflammation and infection of a nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac - casues redness and swelling in the region between the nose and the lower lid
78
ectropion
outward sagging and eversion of the eyelid | -leading to improper lacrimation and corneal drying ulceration
79
entropion
inversion of the eyelid, causing the lashes to rub against the eye -corneal abrasion may result
80
hordeolum (stye)
-small, superficial white nodule along lid margin due to infection of a sebaceous gland
81
ptosis
drooping of upper lid margin from neuromuscular problems or trauma
82
xanthelasma
raised yellowish plaque on eyelid caused by lipid disorder
83
fluorescein angiography
- Intravenous injection of fluorescein (a dye) followed by serial photographs of the retina through dilated pupils. - diagnostic about blood flow in the retina
84
ophthalmoscopy
-visual examination of the interior of the eye
85
slit lamp microscopy
-examination of anterior ocular structures under microscopic magnification
86
visual acuity test
- clarity of vision is assessed | - snellen chart
87
enucleation
-removal of the entire eyeball
88
keratoplasty
-surgical repair of the cornea
89
laser photocoagulation
-intense, precisely focused light beam (argon laser) creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels
90
LASIK
-use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism)
91
phacoemulsification
- ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens; the pieces are then aspirated through the ultrasonic probe - typical surgery for cataract removal
92
scleral buckle
-suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina
93
vitrectomy
- removal of the vitreous humor | - necessary when blood and scare tissue accumulate
94
auditory canal
-channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum
95
auditory meatus
-auditory canal
96
auditory nerve fibers
- carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain (cerebral cortex) - compose the vestibulocohlear nerve
97
auditory tube
- channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx | - eustachian tube
98
auricle
- flap of the ear - protruding part of the external ear - pinna
99
cerumen
waxy substance secreted by the external ear | -earwax
100
cochlea
snail shell shaped spirally wound tube in the inner ear | -contains hearing sensitive receptor cells
101
endolymph
fluid within the labyrinth of the inner ear
102
eustachian tube
auditory tube
103
incus
- second ossicle (small bone) of the middle ear | - anvil
104
labyrinth
maze-like series of canals of th einner ear | -includes cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals
105
malleus
- first ossicle of the middle ear | - hammer
106
organ of corti
-sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear
107
ossicle
small bone of the ear | -includes malleus, incus, stapes
108
oval window
membrane between the middle ear and the inner ear
109
perilymph
fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear
110
pinna
auricle | -flap of ear
111
semicircular canal
passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium
112
stapes
- third ossicle of the middle ear | - stirrup
113
tympanic membrane
- membrane between the outer and the middle ear | - eardrum
114
vestibule
- central cavity of the labyrinth - connecting the semicircular canals and the cochlea - contains two structures: saccule and utricle - helps maintain equilibrium
115
acous/o
hearing
116
audit/o
hearing
117
aur/o, auricul/o
ear
118
cochle/o
cochlea
119
mastoid/o
mastoid process
120
myring/o
eardrum, tympanic membrane
121
ossicul/o
ossicle
122
ot/o
ear
123
salping/o
eustachian tube, auditory tube
124
staped/o
stapes
125
tympan/o
eardrum, tympanic membrane
126
vestibul/o
vestibule
127
-acusis, or -cusis
hearing
128
-meter
instrument to measure
129
-otia
ear condition
130
acoustic neuroma
-benign tumor arising from the acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve (eighth cranial nerve) in the brain.
131
cholesteatoma
collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear
132
deafness
loss of the ability to hear
133
meniere disease
disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear, elevated endolymph pressure withing the cochlea (cochlear hydrops) and semicircular canals (vestibular hydrops)
134
otitis media
-inflammation of the middle ear
135
otosclerosis
hardening of the bony tissue of the middle ear
136
tinnitus
sensation of noises (ringing, buzzing, whistling, boom) in the ear
137
vertigo
sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects
138
audiometry
-testing the sense of hearing
139
cochlear implant procedure
-surgical insertion of a device that allows sensorineural hearing- impaired persons to understand speech
140
ear thermometry
-measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum
141
otoscopy
visual examination of the ear canal with an otoscope
142
tuning fork test
test of ear conduction using a vibration source (tuning fork) - rinne test - weber test

HAN 312 (19 decks)

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