Viticulture COPY Flashcards
Put the following stages of the annual growth cycle of the vine in chronological order , starting with winter dormancy and following through the year: Winter dormancy; Berry set; Photosynthesis begins; Harvest; Bud break; Physiological maturity; Veraison; Shoot and leaf growth; Flowering; Weeping
Winter dormancy; Weeping; Bud Break; Shoot & Leaf Growth; Photosynthesis Begins; Flowering; Berry Set; Veraison; Physiological Maturity; Harvest.
Name the metabolic process by which materials are moved from one part of the plant to another?
Translocation
Name the process by which sunlight is converted into sugar?
Photosynthesis
Name the process by which water evaporates through openings on the underside of the leaves?
Transpiration
Name the process by which sugar is broken down and converted into biological energy?
Respiration
Name a problem that causes poor fruit set, also known as shatter?
Coulure
Name a soil-based roundworm that has become more prevalent with the increased use of shallow-rooted stock?
Nematode
Name a mold that is sometimes beneficial, also know as noble rot?
Botrytis Cinera
Name a fungal disease also known as powdery mildew?
Oidium
Name a problem with abnormal fruit set that causes grape bunches to have a high proportion of small, seedless berries mixed in with normal, larger berries?
Millerandage
Name a fungal disease also known as downy mildew?
Peronospora
Name a bacterial disease spread by insects such as the glassy-winged sharpshooter?
Pierce’s Disease
Name a destructive louse that feeds off the roots of vinifera vines?
Phylloxera
What is the difference between climate and weather?
Climate refers to the historical, average weather of a certain place, or what is expected to happen in the long run. Weather is the actual meteorological conditions forecast in the short term, as well as what actually occurs.
How much water do grapevines need on an annual basis?
Approximately 20 - 30 inches/51 - 76 cm.
Explain why soils with low fertility are generally ideal for commercial vineyards?
Less fertile soils encourage the vine to produce less vegetation and fewer grapes, leading to well-ripened grape bunches rich in sugar and phenolics.
Put these four soil types in order, from smallest in particle size to largest: gravel, silt, clay, and sand
Clay (smallest); silt; sand; gravel (largest)
Describe the potential climatic differences between a vineyard situated at a high elevation and one situated on a valley floor?
A vineyard at higher elevations will be cooler, windier, and have less fog. The higher altitude vineyard will also have more intense sunlight and larger diurnal temperature swings.
Explain the effect that large bodies of water have on the climate of a nearby vineyard?
Water tends to change temperature more slowly than soil, so vineyards situated close to large bodies of water experience less temperature fluctuations. Their diurnal temperature range is less, summers are not as hot, and winters are milder. The humidity can also provide for morning or evening fogs as well as greater cloud cover, rain, and dampness.
In general, a lower latitude translates into a warmer climate. True or False?
True
The Oechsle system of measuring grape ripeness is widely used in France. True or False?
False
Photosynthesis slows, but does not stop at night. True or False?
False
The annual growth cycle of the vine is considered to begin each year with bud break, which starts once temperatures reach 65F (18C) in the spring. True or False?
False
When producing dry table wines, the typical time from bud break to harvest is 140 to 160 days. True or False?
True
Ideally, soil should enable the vine’s roots to access water when needed, but also ensure that excess water is drained away. True or False?
True
In the Northern Hemisphere, a vineyard on a slope that faces north gets the most sun. True or False?
False
Regions with a continental climate generally experience hotter summers and colder winters than regions with a Mediterranean climate. True or False?
True
The Guyot system of vine training does not require the use of a trellis or wires. True or False?
False
A Mediterranean climate is considered to have too short a growing season in order for grapes to ripen on a regular basis. True or False?
False
In general, sugar as measured by degrees Brix will convert to alcohol by a conversion factor of 55%. True or False?
True
Photosynthesis tends to slow down at temperatures below 50F/10C. True or False?
True
A refractometer is used to measure the amount of rainfall that penetrates the topsoil to a depth of 6 inches (15 centimeters). True or False?
False
In a pergola system, overhead vines are trained up a tall support and allowed to spread out horizontally. True or False?
True
In the United States, biodynamic viticulture is regulated by the US Department of Agriculture. True or False?
False
Which of the following statements is true concerning photosynthesis? a. Photosynthesis occurs most efficiently when the daytime temperature is over 90F (32C); b. Photosynthesis occurs most efficiently when the daytime temperature is under 50F (10C); c. Photosynthesis slows but does not completely shut down at night; d. Photosynthesis can only occur when the sun is shining.
d. Photosynthesis can only occur when the sun is shining
In general, how much water do vines need on an annual basis? a. 5 to 10 inches (13 - 25 cm); b. 10 to 20 inches (25 - 51 cm); c. 20 to 30 inches (51 - 76 cm); d. 50 to 60 inches (127 - 152 cm)?
c. 20 to 30 inches (51 - 76 cm)
Which of the following best describes the vine process of veraison? a. Tiny shoots start to emerge from nodes in the vine’s branches, soon growing to full canopy.; b. The grapes begin a sudden acceleration toward maturation and begin to take on color.; c. Carbohydrate reserves stored the previous year are directed toward rapid leaf and shoot growth.; d. The acid level of the grapes starts to rapidly increase, while sugar levels drop.
b. The grapes begin a sudden acceleration toward maturation and begin to take on color
Which of the following are considered the ideal latitudes for commercial wine grape growing in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres? a. Between 10 and 30 degrees; b. Between 20 and 40 degrees; c. Between 25 and 45 degrees; d. Between 30 and 50 degrees.
d. Between 30 and 50 degrees
Which of the following vineyard diseases is easily spread by the glassy-winged sharpshooter? a. Phylloxera; b. Powdery mildew; c. Pierce’s disease; d. Oidium
c. Pierce’s disease
Which of the following represents the correct progression of the life cycle of a grapevine? a. Bud break, shoot and leaf growth, flowering, berry set, veraison, harvest; b. Bud break, berry set, flowering, shoot and leaf growth, harvest, veraison; c. Bud break, shoot and leaf growth, flowering, berry set, harvest, veraison; d. Bud break, flowering, shoot and leaf growth, berry set, veraison, harvest.
a. Bud break, shoot and leaf growth, flowering, berry set, veraison, harvest
Which of the following vine conditions is sometimes beneficial, and may be referred to as “noble rot”? a. Oidium; b. Peronospora; c. Botrytis; d. Coulure
c. Botrytis
Which of the following is a vine metabolic process in which sugar is broken down and converted into biological energy? a. Respiration; b. Transpiration; c. Translocation; d. Photosynthesis
a. Respiration
Which of the following temperatures signals the beginning of bud break in the spring? a. 40F (4.5C); b. 50F (10C); c. 60F (16C); d. 70F (21C)
b. 50F (10C)
Which of the following soil types has the smallest particle size? a. Sand; b. Clay; c. Silt; d. Rocks
b. Clay
