Tasting and Pairing COPY Flashcards by Stephanie Wills

Table wine - Germany

tafelwein

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Brett

Brettanomyces A yeast found on winery equipment that infect wine with flavours of barnyard, sweaty saddle, smoke, bacon, wild game, bandaid, sweaty gym socks, rancid cheese. Usually considered a fault, is a key characteristic of some wines.

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Table wine - Portugal

Vinho de mesa

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Phenolic Bitterness Varietals

Pinot Grigio / Gris

Albarino

Gurner Veltliner*

Gewurztraminer

Torrontes

*not examinable

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Thick skin varietals

Cabernet Sauvignon

Cabernet Franc*

Merlot

Malbec

Syrah

Carminere*

*not examinable

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Table wine - Greece

Epitrapezios oinos

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Right Bank Bordeaux / Merlot Markers

Softer tannin, more herbal/vegetal characteristics

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Percentage alcohol range in sparkling wine

8% - 12%

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Sight: Garnet to medium ruby with garnet to orange rim. None to slight stain.

Nose / Palate: Cherry, raspberry, cranberry, pomegranate, rose, violet, potpourri, tar, leather, sandlewood, balsamic, voilatile acidity, oxidation, dry and wet soil, truffle, mushroom, compost.

Also dry bitter herbs, tea, tobacco, licorice, anise, dust, rock.

Structure: Medium plus to high tannin, acidity, alcohol. Medium plus to long finish. Moderate to complex.

Nebbiolo

Italy - Piedmont, Barolo / Barbaresco

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Sight: Pale straw to light gold; Green, gold, brass rim variation.

Nose / Palate: Apple - green, yellow. Citrus - lime.

Pronounced chalky sea shell minerality, struck flint, oyster shell.

Structure: Alcohol: medium to medium-plus; acidity: medium-plus to high; finish: medium to long; Complexity - moderate to complex.

Chardonnay

France, Burgundy, Chablis

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Table wine - France

Vin de table

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Mouthfeel

The weight and texture of the wine in your mouth

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Burgundy Markers

Cote de Nuits - lighter in colour, concentrated flavour, bright red fruit, tea-spice, earth, oak

Cote de Beaune - as above but earther with firmer tannin

Note: New World Pinots have fruit thatis not as bright red and have less earthiness.

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Percentage alcohol range in fortified wine

17% - 22%

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Varietal Character

The usual or expected taste and aroma of a particular grape

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Sight: light to deep ruby with purple or pink rim variation. Minimal if any staining.

Nose / Palatte: Red fruit - strawberry, cherry, raspberry, current. Red and purple flowers. pear drop, banana, cotton candy. Stony, mineral.

Structure: Acidity: medium-plus; alcohol: medium to medium-plus, tannin: medium-minus to medium. Finish, medium to medium plus. Moderate to complex.

Gamay

France - Burgundy - Beaujolais

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Aroma vs. Bouquet

Aroma is derived from the varietal and can denote youth. Typically fruit, herbal, floral. Bouquet is derived from the winemaking process and can denote age. Bouquet is typically associated with tertiary aromas including cream, butter, mushroom, game, aged cheese, etc.

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Table wine - Italy

vino de tavola

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Sight: pale yellow to deep yellow

Green hue

Nose/Palate: Citrus - orange, grapefruit, lemon; Stone fruit - peach, nectarine. Green apple, pear.

Orange blossom

Saline, sea spray, oyster shell

Lees, bread dough, beer

Less common - lemongrass, swet herb, wet stone, dusty rock.

Slight phenolic bitterness

Structure: Medium to medium plus alcohol, acidity, finish

Albarino

Rias Baixas, Spain

Sight: light to medium straw with green highlights.

Nose / Palate: apple/pear and citrus fruit with mushroom-earth and mineral notes; also butter/cream aromas from malolactic and vanilla, yeast and brioche notes from lees contact, and baking spices, toast, and wood notes from oak aging.

Structure: Medium to full-bodied and bone dry to dry. Alcohol: medium to medium-plus; acidity: medium-plus to high.

Chardonnay

France, Burgundy, Cote d’Or, Cote d’Beaune

Aromatic Varietals

Viognier

Gewurztraminer

Torrontes

Muscat*

*not examinable

Sight: Deep garnet to dark ruby with garnet to putple rim variation. Slight to medium staining.

Nose/Palate: Strawberry, cherry, raspberry, thyme, rosemary, anise, black tea, brown and curing spices, Brett (smoked meat, musk), mushtroom, truffle, potting soil, barnyard, hay.

Also black plum, black cherry, smoke, toast, vanilla, stones, mineral.

Structure: Medium plus to high tannin, acid, alcohol; medium to long finish, moderate to complex.

Grenache

France, Rhone, Southern Rhone (Chateauneuf du Pape, Gigondas, Cotes du Rhone-Villages)

Sight: moderate to deep ruby or purple with pink to purple rim variation.

Moderate to heavy stain

Nose / Palate: Black fruit: cassis/currant, blackberry, plum, cherry. Green herbs - thyme, rosemary, tobacco, mint/eucalyptus. Pyrazine - bell pepper. Oak - smoke, toast, vanilla, baking spice, cedar, sawdust, dill, coconut, vanilla.

Also - red fruit - raspberry, cherry; Blue fruit - blueberry; purple flowers; darkchocolate, coffee, dust, leaves.

Structure: Medium plus to high tannin, alcohol, med to medium plus acidity, medium plus to long finish, moderate to complex.

Cabernet Sauvignon

New World - California - Napa; Washington - Columbia Valley

Chile - Valle Central

Australia: Coonawarra, Margaret River, McLaren Vale

Sight: Red to deep ruby with light to moderate staining

Nose/Palate: Red fruit - raspberry, currant, cranberry, some black fruit (blackberry, currant)

Tobacco, green herbs/tea, black pepper, pyrazine - bell pepper, beet, salad greens

Soil, compost, dust, stony, pencil lead, graphite

Structure: Dry with med to med plus tannin and alcohol, med plus to high acidity.

Cabernet Franc

Loire - Bourgueil, Chinon

Pinot Noir - New World Markers

California, Oregon - Supple red berry, spice, new wood. Ripe attack, stem tannin, lack of earthiness. New Zealand - similar to California and Oregon but with pronounced herbal notes. May have a chalky, mineral quality.

Medium - thick skin

Zinfandel

Sur Lie ageing flavours

Bread dough Yeast Toast Subtle white flowers Nuts

Table wine - Spain

Vino de mesa

Flavours added by Botrytis

Honey Beeswax Ginger Saffron

**Sight:** yellow to deep gold with silver to green rim variation. **Nose / Palate:** lychee, pineapple, mango, apricot, peach, nectarine, gardenia, rose, jasmine, lilac, honesuckle, potpourri, juniper, cardamom,cinnamom, clove, ginger, saffron, star anise, allspice. Also apple/pear - yellow apple, pear, tea, soap, soil (dry or wet), stony minerality. **Structure**: Medium minus to medium acidity, medium plus to high alcohol, medium to long finish, moderate to complex.

Gewurztraminer France - Alsace

Non-Aromatic Varietals

Pinot Grigio Chardonnay Melon de Bourgogne\* \*not examinable

**Sight:** pale to medium yellow with green highlights; **Nose/Palate:** tart green apple/pear, tropical fruit (mango, papaya, pineapple), and tart citrus notes. Butter/cream/buttered popcorn aromas. Cream and yeast as well as vanilla, baking spices and wood. **Structure**: Medium to full-bodied; alcohol: medium-plus to high; acidity: medium to medium-plus.

Chardonnay United States - California

Thin Skin Varietals

Pinot Noir Sangiovese Nebbiolo Grenach (Garnacha) Tempranillo Gamay

**Sight**: Ruby to deep purple with pink, blue, purple rim variation. Moderate to deep staining. **Nose / Palate:** blueberry, boysenberry, fresh mint, tobacco, licorice, black pepper. Also - blackberry, cherry, plum, currant, raisins, raspberry, red and purple flowers, smoke, bitter chocolate, coffee, smoke, toast, vanilla, baking spices, chocolate, dill, coconut, vanilla, slight dust, potting soil, graphite. Volitale acidity. **Structure**: Medium to medium plus tannin and acidity. Medium plus to high alcohol, medium to long finish, moderate complexity.

Malbec Argentina - Mendoza

**Sight:** Straw to yellow with green/gold/silver rim variation. **Nose/Palate:** Apple/Pear - green, yellow apple, pear. Quince. Lime, Lemon, Orange, Tangerine. Apple and citrus blossom. Satled greens, fresh herbs, hay, straw. Wax, honey/botrytis, oatmeal, lanolin, wet wool, cheese rind. Mineral, chalk. Also - stone fruit, peach, apricot. Compost, barnyard, mushroom, some lees. **Structure**: Medium plus to high acidity and alcohol, medium to long finish. Moderate to complex.

Chenin Blanc France, Loire - Savenniere, Vouvray

Left Bank Bordeaux / Cabernet Sauvignon markers

Left Bank - deep black fruit, green herb, earth, dry forest floor (note: wet forest floor is a marker for Italian reds) California - riper and richer without the earth/mineral Coonawarra - strong pyrazines, mint, eucalyptus

**Sight**: deep ruby, pink/purple/garnet rim variation. Light to moderate stain. **Nose / Palate**: cherry, plum, current. Anise, mint, eucalyptus, tobacco. Pyrazines - olive, fennel. Dark chocolate, Brett, forest floor, compost, barnyard. Also, black plum, blackberry, slight red and purple flowers, baking spices, cofee, cedar. **Structure**: medium to medium plus tannin and acidity, medium to high alcohol, medium to long finish, moderate to complex.

Merlot France, Bordeaux

**Sight**: Deep Ruby, Purple. Pink to purple rim. Slight to moderate staining. **Nose / Palate:** Cherry, plum, current, dark chocolate. Also black plum, cherry, slight purple flower, slight mint and eucalyptus, slight pyrazines. Toast, baking spice, coffee, dill, coconut, vanilla. **Structure**: Medium minus to medium plus tannin, medium to medium plus acid, medium plush to high alcohol. Medium to long finish. Moderate to complex.

Merlot United States, California and Washington

Percentage alcohol range for still wine

8% - 15%

Semi-Aromatic Varietals

Pinot Gris Chenin Blanc Sauvignon Blanc Riesling Albarino Gruner Veltliner\* \*not examinable

**Sight**: Straw with copper, silver, or green rim variation. **Nose / Palate**: Lemon, lemon seed, red and yellow apple, yellow and white flowers, wet stone, honey, wool, fruit cup, hay, lees, phenolic bitterness. Also melon, slight ginger, vanilla. **Structure**: Medium to medium plus acidity and alcohol, medium to long finish, moderate to complex.

Pinot Gris Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige / Fruili

**Sight**: deep garnet to dark ruby with garnet to purple rim variation. Slight to medium staining. **Nose / Palate:** Strawberry, cherry, cranberry. Sweet herbs - mint, eucalyptus, tea. Sweet brown spice, clove, ginger, pepper, licorice. Also, blackberry, plum, fig, blueberry, orange, violet, rose, Brett - smoked meat, slight wet earth, potting soil. **Structure**: Medium minus to medium plus tannin, medium to medium plus acid, medium plus to high alcohol and finish. Moderate to complex.

Grenache America - Washington, Columbia Valley Australia - South Australia

**Sight**: moderate to deep ruby or purple Pink to purple rim variation Moderate to moderate plus staining. **Nose / Palate:** Black fruit - cassis/currant, blackberry, plum, cherry Fresh and dried herbs - thyme, rosemary, tobacco. Pyrazine - bell pepper, fennel; Spice - anise, light pepper; Coffee, chocolate, cedar, Brett (band-aid, clove, leather); graphite, iron, stoney. Also - purple flowers, mushroom, forest floor, smoke, toast, vanilla, baking spices. **Structure:** Medium plus to high tannin and alcohol. Medium to Med Plus acidity, med to long finish, moderate to complex.

Cabernet Sauvignon France, Bordeaux, Medoc or Graves

Three tastes in wine

Sweet Sour Bitter

**Sight**: Straw to gold with copper, silver, or green rim variation. **Nose / Palate**: White peach, apricot, Lemon, red and yellow apple, yellow and white flowers, dark stone, ginger, honey, wool, fruit cup, hay, lees, phenolic bitterness, nuts, wax, botrytis Also melon, vanilla. **Structure**: Medium acidity, medium to medium plus alcohol, medium to long finish, moderate to complex.

Pinot Gris France, Alsace

**Sight** - Garnet to ruby with no staining. **Nose** - Cherry, raspberry, plum, cranberry, pomegranate. Anise, licorice, black tea, dark cork, tarragon, thyme, rhubarb, beet, tomato leaf, smoke, game, leather, mushroom, truffle, forest floor, compost. **Palate** - Dry, medium minus to medium plus tannin, medium plus to high acidity. **Structure** - medium to medium plus alcohol, moderate to complex with a long finish.

**Pinot Noir** France - Burgundy - Cote d'Or * Cote de Nuits* - richer and firmer, often echibiting black fruit notes in warmer vintages, often with new oak. * Cote de Beaune* - lighter in body with more acidity, firmer tannin, less use of new oak.

**Sight** - medium to deep ruby, slight colour extraction. **Nose** - Strawberry, cherry, raspberry, black plum, black cherry, ripe to overripe. Wild savory herb, thyme, black tea, anise, rosemary, black pepper, mushroom, dried meat, soy/jerky. **Palate** - Dry, medium plus to high tannin, medium to medium plus acid. **Structure** - full bodied, medium plus to high alcohol, moderate to complex, medium to long finish.

**Grenache Blend (GSM)** France - Rhone - Southern Rhone Chateauneuf-du-Pape, Gigondas, and other high quality wines combine ripe-baked red and black fruit and considerable tannin. * Chateauneuf* tends to be the most powerful and concentrated. * Gigondas* lacks the depth and may be slightly fruiter. * Cotes du Rhone-Villages* is more simple and direct, lacks the poewr and concentration of Chateauneuf de Pape and Gigondas.