Vitamins and Minerals

Question 1

Vitamins ADEK absorption depends on

Answer 1

Pancreas and ileum

Question 2

Deficiency causes damage in the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus, mamillary bodies (amneistic, confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia)

Answer 2

Called Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome.

Thiamine, TPP

Question 3

Deficiency causes cheilosis and corneal vascularization

Answer 3

Vitamin B2 Riboflavin, FMN FAD

Question 4

Hartnup disease causes deficiency in transporting neutral amino acids like tryptophan. This mimics deficiency in vitamin ____

Answer 4

Vitamin B3 Niacin, NAD

Causes pellagra-like symptoms. Tryptophan helps in conversion of niacin

Question 5

This vitamin is an essential component of CoA which are cofactors for acyl transferases

Answer 5

Vitamin B5 pantothenic, CoA

Deficiency: dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency

Question 6

This vitamin plays a role in transamination, decarboxylation, glycogen phosphorylase, glutathione synthesis, cystathione, heme, niacin, NT

Answer 6

Vitamin B6 pyridoxine, PLP

Question 7

This vitamin is a cofactor for carboxylation reactions. Excessive consumption of raw egg whites can cause deficiency.

Answer 7

Vitamin B7 Biotin

Avidin in egg whites bind to biotin

Question 8

Plays a role in methylation reactions which is important for the synthesis of DNA and RNA

Answer 8

Vitamin B9 Folate (converted to tetrahydrofolate)

Question 9

This water soluble vitamin can be stored in the liver for 3-4 years

Answer 9

Vitamin B 12; Cobalamin

Vitamin B9, can be stored in the liver for 3-4 months

Question 10

Increase intake of this vitamin can cause iron toxicity by increasing iron absorption

Answer 10

Vitamin C

Helps in reducing Fe3+ to Fe2+ to facilitate absorption

Question 11

Thiamine Pyrophosphate plays a role in the ____ (Be APT) enzyme reaction.

Answer 11

Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase, alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, transketolase (HMP shunt)

Question 12

Cofactor in methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA synthase

Answer 12

Vitamin B 12 cobalamin.

Needs intrinsic factor to be absorbed,

Question 13

Deficiency of this fat soluble vitamin presents similarly with vitamin B12 but without megaloblastic anemia

Answer 13

Vitamin E

Question 14

This vitamin is activated by epoxide reductase which is a cofactor for the gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residues

Answer 14

Vitamin K

Question 15

___: Protein deficiency :: ___ : Caloric deficiency

Answer 15

Kwashiorkor; Marasmus

Question 16

What is the cofactor for transketolase

Answer 16

B1 - Thiamine

Question 17

What is the cofactor for alpha ketoacid dehydrogenase?

Answer 17

B1 - thiamine

Question 18

What is the precursor of CoA?

Answer 18

B5 - pantothenic

Question 19

What is the cofactor for transaminase

Answer 19

B6 - pyridoxal phosphate

Question 20

What is the cofactor for carboxylases?

Answer 20

B7 - biotin

Question 21

What is the cofactor for methylmalonyl CoA mutase?

Answer 21

B12 - cobalamin

Question 22

What is the cofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase?

Answer 22

B12 - cobalamin

Question 23

Single carbon carrier

Answer 23

B9 - folate

Question 24

[Diagnose: vitamin deficiency]

nystagmus, organic toxic psychosis, ataxia, odor of vomit, alcohol stained clothes

Answer 24

Thiamine

Question 25

[Diagnose: vitamin deficiency] chronic smoker, alcoholic, with odynophagia, insomnia, epigastric discomfort, diarrhea, disoriented, exfoliative dermatitis, presence of red base upon photoexposure

Answer 25

Niacin

Question 26

[Diagnose: vitamin deficiency] alcoholic for 10 years, burning eyes, sore tongue, decreased appetite, abnormal discomfort, cracks on lips and in mouth corner, red fissured inflamed tongue, dull hair, oily skin, split nails

Answer 26

Riboflavin Cheilosis, corneal vascularization

Question 27

Water soluble vitamin that can be synthesized by the body

Answer 27

Niacin 1. From tryptophan 60mg tryptophan = 1mg Niacin

Question 28

[Diagnose: vitamin deficiency] alcoholic, mumbles about aliens. Died. Presence of mamillary bodies due to hemorrhage

Answer 28

Thiamin (wernicke korsakoff

Question 29

Why is decreased vitamin B12 cause anemia

Answer 29

B12 play a role in conversion of N5-methyl THF to THF

Question 30

Rhodopsin is a complex between 11-cis-retinal and ___

Answer 30

scotopsin

Question 31

Which amino acid modification need vitamin K activity?

Answer 31

Glutamate to gamma carboxyglutamate

Question 32

What cofactor is needed in carboxylation of propionyl-CoA and Succinyl-CoA?

Answer 32

Cobalamin

Question 33

[Diagnose] 59F, broken fibula, multiple bruises, painful and bleeding gums, anemic, microcytic RBC. What enzyme is affected

Answer 33

Lysyl hydroxylase Vit C is a cofactor of lysyl hydroxylase and prolysl hydroxylase

Question 34

Phenytoin interferes with what fat soluble vitamin?

Answer 34

Vitamin K affects gamma carboxylation

Question 35

Thiamine deficiency will affect what enzyme in the RBC?

Answer 35

Transketolase

Question 36

What enzyme is needed in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA

Answer 36

PDH Complex needing TPP (thiamine)

Question 37

The synthesis of what compound is affected in patients with pernicious anemia?

Answer 37

methylmalonyl CoA