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Biochemistry > Integration of metabolism > Flashcards

Integration of metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

[Identify the fuel used during the fed and fast state]

Brain

A

Fed: Glucose
Fast: glucose and ketone

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2
Q

[Identify the fuel used during the fed and fast state]

eryhthrocyte

A

Fed: Glucose
Fast: glucose

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3
Q

What are the active processes in the liver during the fed state?

A
  1. Glycogeneis
  2. Protein synthesis
  3. TAG synthesis
  4. PPP
  5. VLDL synthesis
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4
Q

What are the active processes in the liver during fasting state?

A
  1. Glycogenolysis
  2. Gluconeogenesis
  3. Beta oxidation
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5
Q

What are the active processes in the adipocytes during the fed state?

A
  1. Insulin-dependent glucose uptake
  2. Lipogenesis
  3. Storage of FA and TAG
  4. PPP
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6
Q

What are the active processes in the adipocytes during the fasting state?

A
  1. Mobilize TAG to provide FA for beta oxidation and glycerol for gluconeogenesis
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7
Q

What are the active processes in the skeletal muscles during the fed state?

A
  1. Insulin-dependent glucose uptake

2. Protein synthesis

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8
Q

What are the active processes in the skeletal muscles during the fasting state state?

A
  1. FFA provide major source of energy
  2. Ketone bodies
  3. Proteins are degraded for gluconeogenesis
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9
Q

What is the principal site of metabolism of BCAA?

A

Skeletal muscle

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10
Q

[Digestion]

What inhibits salivary amylase?

A

low pH

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11
Q

[Digestion]

Majority of the carbohydrate absorption happens in the ___

A

duodenum and upper jejunum

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12
Q

[Digestion]

what is the enterocyte transport proteinr for galactose and glucose

A

SGLT

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13
Q

[Digestion]

what is the enterocyte transport protein for fructose

A

GLUT 5

via FacDiff

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14
Q

[Digestion]

In the basement membrane of the enterocyte, what transports glucose, galactose and fructose?

A

Glut 2

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15
Q

[Digestion]

Emulsification of dietary lipids occur in which part of the GIT

A

duodenum

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16
Q

[Digestion]

pancreatic lipase digests TAG into what products

A

2 monoacylglycerols

2 free fatty acids

17
Q

[Digestion]

TAGs that are directly absorbed. No need for micelles

A

Short and medium chain FA

18
Q

[Digestion]

Which part of the enterocytes where dietary lipids are converted back to TAG

A

endoplasmic reticulum

19
Q

[Digestion]

TAGs are packed as chylomicrons and released as ___

A

lacteals

20
Q

[Digestion]

What converts pepsinogen to pepsin?

A

Hydrochloric acid produced by parietal cells

Pepsinogen are secreted by chief cells

21
Q

[Digestion]

What activates trypsinogen and trypsin

A

Enteropeptidase

22
Q

[Digestion]

Free amino acids are absorbed via what type of transport

A

secondary active transport, coupled with Na

23
Q

[Digestion]

Di and tripeptides are transported to the enterocyte via

A

H+ linked transport system

24
Q

Glutamic acid on active site of the enzyme. What amino acid have the least effect on enzyme activity?

A

Aspartic acid (D)

Acidic = glutamEc, asparDic acid

25
Q

What is the major attractive force between DNA and proteins in DNA-protein complexes

A

Hydrophobic interactions

DNA is highly negative due to phosphate, hence interaction with protein is via ion-ion interaction

26
Q

What is the important AA needed for stability of collagen triple helix?

A

glycine since its R group is H

Remember, Gly-Pro-X

27
Q

Mutation in osteogenesis imperfecta type I leads to what AA substitution?

A

Glycine to Leucine

28
Q

What type of bond stabilizes alpha-helix and beta-sheets?

A

hydrogen bond

29
Q

Svedberg coefficient in measuring the sedimentation rate of ribosomes depends on what property?

A

size and shape

30
Q

What is the hallmark of metabolic syndrome?

A

insulin resistance

31
Q

What test is used to confirm the pro-inflammatory state associated with metabolic syndorome?

A

CRP

32
Q

Increase in what proinflammatory cytokine is essential to Metabolic Syndrome

A

NO

Biochemistry (28 decks)

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