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Biochemistry > Gluconeogenesis > Flashcards

Gluconeogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

Where does gluconeogenesis occur?

A
  1. Liver (90%)
  2. Kidney (10%)

in both mitochondria and cytosol

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2
Q

What reactions in the body that occur in both cytosol and mitochondria

A
  1. Heme synthesis
  2. Urea cycle
  3. Gluconeogenesis
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3
Q

What are the substrates used for gluconeogenesis?

A
  1. TCA intermediates (malate)
  2. Lactate
  3. Glycerol and propionylCoA
  4. Gluconeogenic amino acids
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4
Q

What are examples of your gluconeogenic amino acids?

A
  1. Arginine (R)
  2. Histidine (H)
  3. Methionine (M)
  4. Valine (V)
  5. Alanine (A)
  6. Asparagine (
  7. Aspartate (D)
  8. Cysteine (C)
  9. Glutamate (E)
  10. Glycine
  11. Proline (P)
  12. Serine (S)
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5
Q

What is the rate limiting step in gluconeogenesis?

A

F1,6BP to F6P

via Fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase

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6
Q

what is the first step of gluconeogenesis?

A

Pyruvate to oxaloacetate

via: pyruvate carboxylase

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7
Q

What are the steps involved to convert pyruvate to Phosphoenolpyruvate

A
  1. Pyruvate to oxaloacetate via pyruvate carboxylase

2. Oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate via PEP carboxykinase

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8
Q

What enzyme is used to convert F1,6BP to F6P?

A

F1,6 BP

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9
Q

What enzyme is used to convert G6P to glucose?

A

G6 phosphatase

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10
Q

What are the coenzymes needed by pyruvate carboxylase?

A
  1. Biotin

2. ATP

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11
Q

In order to transport oxaloacetate out of the mitochondrion, it is reduced to?

A

malate

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12
Q

What enzymes require biotin as cofactor?

A
  1. Pyruvate carboxylase (pyruvate to oxaloacetate)
  2. Acetyl CoA carboxylase (acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA)
  3. Propionyl CoA carboxylase (Propionyl CoA to methylmalonyl CoA
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13
Q

What step in gluconeogenesis requires GTP?

A

Oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate

via phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

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14
Q

What is the key enzyme that catalyzes the net transfer out of the citric acid cycle into gluconeogenesis?

A

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

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15
Q

What is the rate limiting step of gluconeogenesis?

A

F1,6BP to F6P via fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase

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16
Q

What inhibits the conversion of F1,6BP to F6P?

A
  1. Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate
17
Q

What step in gluconeogenesis is shared with glycogenolysis?

A

G6P to Glucose via glucose 6 phosphatase

18
Q

___ cycle is the formation of glucose from lactate

A

Cori Cycle

19
Q

What regulates gluconeogenesis?

A
  1. Glucagon
  2. Availability of gluconeogenic substrates
  3. Allosteric activation of hepatic pyruvate carboxylase by acetyl CoA
  4. Allosteric inhibition of F1,6BP by AMP
20
Q

What are the energy requirements of gluconeogenesis if from pyruvate?

A
  1. Cleavage of 6 high-energy phosphate

2. Oxidation of 2 NADH

21
Q

The energy requirements of gluconeogenesis is derived from?

A

Oxidation of fatty acids

22
Q

[Clinical Correlates]

Glucosuria happens when the venous blood glucose concentration is

A

10.0 mmol/L (renal threshold)

Biochemistry (28 decks)

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