vital signs Flashcards
vital signs include:
pule, respiration, temperature, blood pressure, oxygen saturation
pulse
number of heartbeats in a 1 min period of time
normal heart rate
60-90 bpm adults
80-120 bpm children
respiration
number of breaths in a 1 min period
normal respiration
12-18 rpm adult
18-24 rpm babies/children
blood pressure
measures the force of exerted by blood against the arterial walls during both heart phases
indicates the tone of the arterial walls
two phases of blood pressure
contraction phase- Systols (measurement recorded first, called systolic reading)
time when blood is forced out of the heart
this is the max. force exerted by blood agains the arterial walls
relaxation phase- diastole (measurement recorded second, called diastolic reading)
time when the ventricles are filling with blood
this is the weakest force exerted by blood against the arterial walls
example of blood pressure reading 120/80 mm Hg (millimetres of Mercury)
mm Hg
millimetres of Mercury
blood pressure equipment
measured with a spyhgmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) and a stethoscope.
how to measure blood pressure
use the cuff to temporarily interrupt circulation in the brachial artery just above the elbow.
Pressure from the cuff is shown on the graduated column of the sphygmomanometer.
As pressure is released, blood again flows past the cuff
using a stethoscope, listen for a heartbeat to begin= systolic pressure
as the pressure continues to be released, the sound of the heartbeat fades
using a stethoscope, listen for a heartbeat to fade= diastolic pressure
normal ranges for blood pressure
normal- 120/80 mm Hg
systolic ranges from 100-140 mm Hg
Diastolic ranges from 60-90 mm Hg
factors influencing blood pressure
Resistance of blood flow in vessels.Pumping action of the heart.Viscosity (thickness) of blood.Elasticity of arteries.Quantity of blood in the vascular system.State of overall health
