skeletal system

Question 1

how many bones at birth and adulthood

Answer 1

over 300, over time some bones fuse and ad adulthood we have 206 bones

Question 2

function and purpose of skeletal system

Answer 2

Framework for the body.
Protects organs in the body.
Blood cell production in the bone marrow.
Movement.
Mineral Storage, particularly calcium and phosphorus.

Question 3

axial skeleton

Answer 3

skull, ribcage, vertebral column

Question 4

appendicular skeleton

Answer 4

Upper and lower limbs and the girdles that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton.

Question 5

joint

Answer 5

Point where 2 bones meet or articulate

Question 6

fixed joints

Answer 6

Consists of many bones together (pelvis, skull)

Question 7

hinged joints

Answer 7

2 bones that form a bend in only one direction (elbow, knee)

Question 8

ball and socket joints

Answer 8

End of one bone looks like a ball that fits into the socket of the other bone (acetabulum

Question 9

longest bone in body

Answer 9

femur

Question 10

smallest bone in body

Answer 10

stapes

Question 11

cartilage

Answer 11

Flexible bone-like substance making up ears, nose and parts of the ribs, knees and elbow

Question 12

difference between men and women skeleton

Answer 12

Pelvic girdle size, and angle larger in women
Rib cage smaller, tapered at bottom and more rounded in women
Lower back is more lordotic in women
Bones of the jaw and wrists are larger in men

Question 13

closed/simple fracture

Answer 13

bone is broken without external wound

Question 14

hairline fracture

Answer 14

minor fracture where all portions of the bone are in perfect alignment

Question 15

open or compound

Answer 15

Bone is broken, with external wound.

Bone pieces often pierce through skin.

Question 16

complicated fracture

Answer 16

Broken bone has injured an internal organ (such as a broken rib puncturing a lung).

Question 17

comminuted fracture

Answer 17

Broken bone has splintered into pieces.

Question 18

impacted fracture

Answer 18

A broken bone wedges itself into the interior of another bone.

Question 19

incomplete fracture

Answer 19

The line of the fracture does not go through the whole bone.

Question 20

greenstick fracture

Answer 20

Occurs when one side of a long bone is fractured, and the other side is bent.
Seen most often in children.

Question 21

colles

Answer 21

Occurs in the lower radius, above the wrist.

Results from flexing a hand to cushion a fall.

Question 22

osteomyelitis

Answer 22

Infection of the bone and bone marrow.
Cause: Primarily pyogenic (pus-forming) bacteria. Begins with a trauma to a bone, causing a blood clot. Bacteria from an acute infection elsewhere in the body finds its way to the bone.
Difficult to treat.
Can be acute or chronic.
Good prognosis for acute cases.
Leads to bone death, stiffening or joint freezing (ankylosis).

Question 23

Paget disease

Answer 23

Aka: osteitis deformans.
Chronic inflammation of bones.
Results in thickening and softening of bones.
Commonly affects: Long bones of legs, lower spine, pelvis and skull.
Seen in >40 year olds.
Cause: Unknown. May be linked to a slow virus.
Tx: Symptom control/relief.

Question 24

osteoporosis

Answer 24

Common metabolic bone disorder in the elderly, particularly postmenopausal women.
S&S: Decreased bone density, bone pain, deformity of bones.
Leads to increased risk of bone fractures.
Tx: Prevention with adequate calcium, magnesium; regulate estrogen levels.

Question 25

scoliosis

Answer 25

S or C-shaped, lateral curvature of the spine.

Question 26

kyphosis

Answer 26

Humpback/hunchback, or outward curvature of the thoracic spine.

Question 27

lordosis

Answer 27

Swayback, or inward curvature of the lumbar spine.

Question 28

arthritis

Answer 28

Inflammation of a joint.
Accompanied by pain, swelling, structure changes.
Includes: Rheumatoid, osteo-, gouty, or gout.

Question 29

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Answer 29

Commonly found in women 23-35 years of age.
Cause: Autoimmune disorder.
S&S: Crippling deformities.
Tx: No cure. NSAIDs, PT, braces used for symptom relief.

Question 30

osteoarthritsis (OA)

Answer 30

Aka: Degenerative joint disease (DJD).
Most common connective tissue disease.
Leads to cartilage destruction and new bone formation at the edges of joints (bone spurs).
Less crippling than RA.

Question 31

gouty arthrtitis

Answer 31

Aka: Gout.
Metabolic disease caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in blood.
These crystals can become deposited in joints or surrounding soft tissue causing pain and swelling.
Tx: Medication to reduce uric acid; dietary changes.

Question 32

primary bone cancer

Answer 32

Cancer arising directly from the bone.
Very rare – Called sarcomas.
Fibrosarcoma = originates in cartilage.
Osteosarcoma = Originates in bone.

Question 33

secondary bone cancer

Answer 33

Cancer arising somewhere else in the body and metastasizing to the bone.
Very prevalent – Usually originating from lung, breast or prostate.