muscle system Flashcards
how many muscles in human body
over 600
what are muscles made of
composed of contractile cells or fibres that provide movement of an organ or body part
function and purpose of muscles
Contribute to body posture.
Produce body heat.
Form protective covering for internal organs.
Movement – Skeletal and internal.
skeletal muscle (voluntary or strained)
Muscles are under voluntary control.
Attached to the bones of the skeleton.
Includes: All muscles attached to bone, eyeballs, tongue, etc.
cardiac muscle
Found only in the heart.
Composed of branched interconnections.
Responsible for pumping the heart.
Also striated in structure like skeletal muscle, EXCEPT it is under involuntary control like smooth muscle.
smooth muscle (involuntary or visceral)
Action of these muscles is under involuntary control by the autonomic nervous system.
Responsible for peristalsis.
Found in the walls of the visceral organs (stomach, uterus, etc.); walls of the arteries, walls of the respiratory passages, and in urinary & reproductive ducts.
ligaments
Composed of connective tissue.
Attaches one bone to another.
tendons
Composed of a fibrous band of connective tissue.
Attaches a muscle to a bone.
fascia
Composed of a fibrous sheath of connective tissue.
Covers a muscle.
aponeuroisis
Flat fascia that connects a muscle group.
sprain
Tearing of a ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate or complete.
A complete tear of a major ligament is painful and disabling.
Ligaments are not well supplied with blood and do not heal well.
Tx: Rest, ice, NSAIDs, surgery
strain
Tearing of a tendon or muscle.
Can be very painful and take a great deal of healing time.
Tx: Rest, ice, NSAIDs, surgery.
RICE: rest, ice, compression, elevate
muscular dystrophy
Genetic disease.
Characterized by gradual atrophy and weakening of muscle tissue.
Several types including: Duchenne, which affects children (mostly boys, passed from mother to son).
S&S: Lose of muscle function, affects all muscles including cardiac.
No cure.
Lifespan <20 years of age.
myasthenia gravis
Neuromuscular disorder.
Causes fluctuating weakness of certain skeletal muscle groups (of the eyes, face, limbs).
Characterized by destruction of the receptors in the synaptic region that respond to acetylcholine, a substance that transmits nerve impulses (neurotransmitter).
Affects more women than men.
S&S: Muscles become increasingly weak, & may cease to function altogether.
Initial symptoms begin with weakness of eye muscles, and dysphagia.
Later symptoms include difficulty chewing and talking. Eventually, muscles of the limbs are involved.
No cure.
