Visual Flight Rules Flashcards
VFR between sunset and sunrise
VFR flights between sunset and sunrise, or such other period between sunset and sunrise as may be prescribed by the appropriate ATS authority, shall be operated in accordance with the conditions prescribed by such authority.
VFR flights above FL290
Authorization for VFR flights to operate above FL290 shall not be granted in areas where a vertical seperation minimum of 300m is applied above FL290
VFR flights takeoff and landing minima
Except when necessary for takeoff or landing, or except by permission from the appropriate authority, a VFR flight shall not be flown:
a) over the congested areas of cities, towns or settlements or over an open air assembly of persons at a height less than 300m above the highest obstacle within a radius of 600m from the aircraft;
b) elsewhere than as specified, at a height less than 150m above the ground or water
VFR compliance with ATC service into designated areas
A VFR flight operating within or into areas, or along routes, designated by the appropriate ATS authority in accordance with 3.3.1.2 c or d) shall maintain continuous air ground voice communication watch on the appropriate communication channel of, and report its position as necessary to, the air traffic services unit providing flight information service.
VFR change to IFR flight
An aircraft operated in accordance with the visual flight rules which wishes to change to compliance with the instrument flight rules shall:
a) if a flight plan was submitted, communicate the necessary changes to be effected to its current flight plan or;
b) when so required by 3.3.1.2, submit a flight plan to the appropriate air traffic services unit and obtain a clearance prior to proceeding IFR when in controlled airspace
Flight altitudes and flight levels
eastbound flights odd 500
westbound flights even 500
Special VFR flights definition
flights that have been cleared by air traffic control to fly in meteorological conditions less than VMC
Signals for aerodrome traffic (light and pyrotechnic)
steady green- cleared to land / cleared to takeoff
steady red - give way to other aircraft and continue circling/ stop
series of
green flashes- return for landing / cleared to taxi
red flashes - aerodrome unsafe, do not land / taxi clear of landing area in use
white flashes - land at this aerodrome and proceed to apron / return to starting point on the aerodrome
red pyrotechnic - notwithstanding any previous instructions, do not land for the time being
acknowledgement of signals by aircraft in flight
1) during the hours of daylight: by rocking the aircraft’s wings
2) during the hours of darkness: by flashing on and off twice the aircraft’s landing lights or, if not so equipped, by switching on and off twice its navigation lights
acknowledgement of signals by aircraft on the ground
1) during the hours of daylight: by moving the aircraft’s ailerons or rudder
2) during the hours of darkness: by flashing on and off twice the aircrafts landing lights or, if not so equipped, by switching on and off twice its navigation lights.
Distress signals
The following signals, used either together or seperately, mean that grave and imminent danger threatens and immediate assistance is requested:
a) a signal made by radio telephony or by any other signalling method consisting of the group SOS;
b) a radiotelephony distress signal consisting of the spoken word MAYDAY
c) a distress ,essage sent via data lonk which transmits the intent of the word MAYDAY
d) rocket or shells throwing red lights, fired one at a time at short intervals
e) a parachute flare showing a red light
Urgency Signals
The following signals, used either together or seperately, mean that an aircraft wishes to give notice of difficulties which compel it to land without requiring immediate assistance:
a) the repeated switching on and off of the landing lights or
b) the repeated switching on and off of the navigation lights in such a manner as to be distinct from flashing navigation lights
The following signals, used either together or seperately, mean that an aircraft has a very urgent message to transmit concerning the safety of a ship, aircraft or other vehicle, or of some person on board or within a flight:
a) a signal made by radiotelephony or by any other signalling method consisting of the group XXX;
b) a radiotelephony urgency signal consisting of the spoken words PAN, PAN;
c) an urgency message sent via data link which transmits the intent of the words PAN, PAN.
