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ICAO Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Chicago Convention?

A

The first convention on internation civil aviation. This landmark agreement established the core principles permitting international transport by air and led to the formation of ICAO.

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2
Q

When was the Chicago Convention drafted and by who?

A

In 1944 by 54 nations

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3
Q

What are the process that led to the chicago convention?

A

After studies performed by the united states as well as various consultations it took with its major allies, the US government extended an invitation to 55 states to attend an international civil aviation convention.

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4
Q

How many states attended the international convention on civil aviation?

A

54 of the 55 invited states attended the conference and its conclusion. 52 signed the new convention.

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5
Q

When was the conclusion of the chicago convention?

A

December 17 1944

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6
Q

What was the prime objective of the chicago convention?

A

The developement of international civil aviation in a safe and orderly manner and such that air transport services would be established on the basis of equality and oppurtunity and operated soundly and economically.

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7
Q

Explain how the chicago convention was organized.

A

Four draft proposals were prepared for when the 52 delegates met and technical committees were setup in addition to the regular committees.

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8
Q

What were the new technical committees setup for the chicago convention and what was their focus?

A

1) Multilateral Aviation Convention and International Aeronautical Body - The establishment of a permanent multilateral convention and international aeronautical body.
2)Technical Standards and Procedures - The creation of international technical standards and procedures.
3) Provisional Air routes - The perfecting of arrangements for provisional air routes.
4) Interim Council - The establishment of an interim council to function in international aviation pending ratification of a full convention, which might take up to three years.

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9
Q

How many articles were included in the chicago convention and what did they do?

A

There were 96 articles and they established the priveleges and restrictions of contracting states including:
1) Adoption of international SARPs regulating air navigation
2) Recommend installation of navigational facilities by contracting states
3) Suggest the reduction of customs and immigration formalities

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10
Q

What are the freedoms of the air?

A

One of the greatest outcomes of the international convention on civil aviation which are two supplementary agreements.

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11
Q

What do the freedoms of the air state?

A

The first two freedoms concern the passage of commercial aircraft through foreign airspace and airports in an agreement called the International Air Services Transit Agreement
The other three concern carrying people, mail and cargo internationally in an agreement called international air transport agreement.

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12
Q

What does the international air services transit agreement do?

A

It provides for aircraft of any signatory power to fly over or to land for technical reasons in the territory of another signatory.

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13
Q

State the five freedoms of the air.

A

1) Freedom of Peaceful Transit
2) Freedom of Non-Traffic stop (to refuel, repair or refuge)
3) Freedom to take traffic from the homeland to any country
4) Freedom to bring traffic from any country to the homeland
5) Freedom to pickup and discharge traffic at intermediate points

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13
Q

What does the International Air Transport Agreement do?

A

provide for the carriage of traffic between the state of registration of the aircraft and any other signatory state.

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14
Q

What is the PICAO?

A

A provisional ICAO that served as a temporary coordinating body with advisory powers only, until the formation of the ICAO could be ratified.

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15
Q

What is the makeup of the PICAO?

A

PICAO consisted of an interim council and interim assembly consisting of representatives from 21 member states.

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16
Q

When and where was the first PICAO interim assembly held?

A

Montreal in June 1946

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17
Q

When did the ICAO officially start?

A

On April 4 1947, upon sufficient ratifications to the chicago convention, the provisional aspects of PICAO was dropped official making it ICAO.

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18
Q

When was the first ICAO assembly held?

A

May 1947 in Montreal

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19
Q

What is an AIP and how should it be disseminated?

A

Aeronautical Information Publication. Each country should have an accessible AIP based on standards defined by ICAO, containing information essential to air navigation.

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20
Q

How often is a country required to update their AIP and what is their purpose?

A

Every 28 days and so provide definitive regulations, procedures and information for each country about airspace and airports.

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21
Q

What is International Standard Atmosphere?

A

It is defined by ICAO as a model of standard variation of pressure, temperature, density and viscosity with altitude in the Earth’s atmosphere.

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22
Q

How many Annexes and SARPs are there?

A

19 Annexes and over 12 000 SARPs

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23
Q

What does resolution A1-2 state and when was it adopted?

A

It approved the agreement of relationship of the ICAO with the UN adopted in May 1947.

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24
Q

What are some UN specialized agencies that ICAO works with?

A

1) ITU
2) UPU
3) WMO
4) WHO
5) UNWTO

25
Q

What is the ICAO council?

A

A permanent body of the organization responsible to the Assembly, composed of 36 member states elected by the assembly for a three year term.

26
Q

What are some of the functions of the council?

A

1) To submit annual reports to the assembly;
2) To carry out the directions of the Assembly
3) Discharge duties and obligations which are laid on it by the convention on International civil aviation
4) To administer the finances of the ICAO
5) Appoint and define the duties of various committees
6) To appoint the secretary General

27
Q

What are some of the major duties of the ICAO council?

A

1) To adopt international SARPs and incorporates these as Annexes to the chicago convention
2) To ammend existing Annexes as necessary
3) To approve PANs

28
Q

Who is responsible for developement of SARPs?

A

The ICAO Air Navigation Commission

29
Q

What is the ICAO Assembly?

A

A meeting comprised of all member states of ICAO, meeting not less than once in three years, convened by the council at a suitable time and place.

30
Q

What are some duties and powers of the ICAO assembly?

A

1) To elect the member states to be represented on the 36 member council.
2) To examine and take appropriate action on the reports of the council.
3) To decide on any matter reported to it by the council
4) To approve the budgets of the organization

31
Q

How many contracting state to the ICAO?

A

193

32
Q

What is the ANC and what do they do?

A

Air navigation Commission. They consider and recommend SARPs and PANs for adoption or approval by the ICAO council.

33
Q

What is the composition of the ANC?

A

Nineteen members who have “suitable qualifications and experience in the science and practice of aeronautics.” They do not represent the interest of a particular state or region.

34
Q

Where may proposals to ammend of add new SARPs come from?

A

ICAO sponsored international meetings;
Deliberative bodies of the organization
The Secritariat;
The UN and its agencies;
Interested international organizations.

35
Q

What is the process for amending or adding a new SARP?

A

The approval of the ANC must be given before work on a task is initiated. Specifications proposed are finalized by the ANC and submitted to the ICAO council where they require two thirds majority for adoption. Following adoption and provided a majority of states do not disaprove them before the established effective date, they become applicable.

36
Q

What is a PAN?

A

Procedure for Air Navigation. Pans are developed by the ANC and do not have the same status as SARPs. They comprise, for the most part, operating practices as well as material considered too detailed for SARPs.

37
Q

What are the five main divisions of the secretariat?

A

1) Air Navigation Bureau
2) Air Transport Bureau
3) Technical Cooperation Bureau
4) Legal Affairs and External Relations Bureau
5) Bureau of Administration and Services

38
Q

What are some non governmental agencies which participate in ICAOs work?

A

1) Airports Council International (ACI)
2) Civil Air Navigation Services Organizations (CANSO)
3) International Air Transport Association (IATA)
4) International Business Aviation Council (IBAC)
5) International Coordinationg Council of Aerospace Industries Associations (ICCAIA)
6) International Council of Aircraft Owner and Pilot Associations (IAOPA)
7) International Federation of Air Line Pilots Associations (IFALPA)
8) International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers’ Association (IFATCA)

39
Q

What are some key challenges face by ANC?

A

1) Maintaining and improving aviation safety and air navigation efficiency while integrating increased traffic into the currnet aviation structure
2) introducing advanced system
3) proactively identifying risks and devising mitigation measures in accordance with ICAO GASP and GANP

40
Q

Explain the structured developement of SARPs and PANs

A

The developement of SARPs and PANs follows a structured, transparent, multi staged process, often known as ICAO ammendment process or standards making process involving a number of technical and non technical bodies which are either within the organization or closely associated with ICAO.

41
Q

How many years does it take for a proposal for a new or improved SARP?

A

Typically, it takes about 2 years for a procedure to be formally adopted or approved for inclusion in an Annex or PAN.

42
Q

The ICAO has five strategic objectives

A

1) Safety - Enhance global aviation safety. This strategic objective is focused primarily on the states regulatory oversight capabilities.
2) Air Navigation Capacity and Efficiency
3) Security and Facilitation
4) Economic Developement of Air Transport
5) Environmental Protection

43
Q

What is an RRSO?

A

Regional Route Service Organization.
They are organizations established to take a more localized approach to solving the range of problems faced by worldwide civil aviation.

44
Q

When were RRSOs established?

A

They were established in two key meetings, the first session of the committee on air navigation (Oct 2 1945 to Noc 27 1945) and second session of interim council (15 Oct to Nov 30 1945).

45
Q

What is the regional office associated with the Bahamas?

A

Mexico City, Mexico: North American, Central American and Caribbean Office (NACC)

46
Q

What is the regional office responsible for?

A

Serving the contracting states to which it is accredited and maintaining liaison with non-Contracting states and other territories in the areas of general responsibility.

47
Q

What is the TCB Mandate?

A

To strengthen civil aviation institutions through its projects

48
Q

What is a major objective of the TCB?

A

Self sufficiency of developing countries in the aviation field, where the improvement of their aeronautical infrastructure and services and environment protection is expected to bring better human, social and economic conditions.

49
Q

List the other objectives of the TCB

A

1) Strengthening Civil Aviation Institutions
2) Technology Transfer and HR Development
3) Infrastructure and Services
4) Promotion of ICAO SARPs

50
Q

What is the main objective of a PIRG?

A

To ensure continuity in the planning process for the purpose of maintaining up to date air navigation plans through systems evaluation, monitoring and study in light of changing traffic characteristics, operational requirements and technological advances.

51
Q

What are the six PIRGs?

A

1) Asia/Pacific air Navigation PIRG
2) Africa Indian Ocean PIRG
3) European Air Navigation Plannig Group
4) Caribbean/South American PIRG
5) Middle East Air Navigation PIRG
6) North Atlantic Systems Planning Group

52
Q

What are the difficulties in implementation of a PIRG?

A

1) Those that arise through problems of organization and administration of departments of civil aviation
2) Those that come from the lack of a sufficient number of trained people to install, maintain, operate and supervise facilities and services
3) those that arise from scarcity of funds for construction and improvement of airports, for the purchase of equipment and spares for provision of adequate salaries and working conditions

53
Q

Who develops SUPPS and what are they?

A

In addition to SARP and PANS, ICAO develops Regional Supplementary Procedures which form part of the Air Navigation Plan agreed by Regional Air Navigation meetings to meet the needs of specific geographical areas which are not covered by the world-wide provisions

54
Q

Who undertakes most work on environmental protection?

A

Most of this work is undertaken through the ICAO Council’s Committee on Aviation Environmental protection (CAEP)

55
Q

What is an ICAO regional office responsible for?

A

Each regional Office is responsible for serving the contracting states to which it is accredited and maintaining liason with non Contracting States and other territories in the areas of general responsibility, for the performance of the following:
1) Air Navigation Functions
2) Air Transport Functions
3) Regional Bodies
4) Technical Cooperation Functions
5) Legal
6) Aviation Security
7) General

56
Q

What is the current regional structure?

A

1) African Indian Ocean
2) Asia
3) Caribbean
4) European
5) Middle East
6) North American
7) North Atlantic
8) Pacific
9) South American

57
Q

What changed when ICAo became a part of UN?

A

While ICAO remained an independant and autonomous agency, its acquisition of constituency status in the united nations organization was a major step which greatly benefite many of its contracting states in the years which followed, mainly through the unuted nations programme of technical assistance.

58
Q

What is the ANC tasked with?

A

The ANC is tasked by the council to manage the technical work programme of ICAO and reports to the council. The ANC is responsible for the examincation, coordination and planning of ICAO’s technical work programme in teh air navigation field.

59
Q

What must a state do if the find it impossible to comply with a SARP?

A

The state is required to inform ICAO of any differences that will exist on the applicability date of the ammendment.

60
Q

What is the PIRG for the Bahamas?

A

Caribbean/South American Planning and Implementation Regional Group

61
Q

Why does ICAO council as one of its major duties, adopt international standard and recommended practices?

A

To achieve the highest practicable degree of uniformity worldwide whenever this will facilitate and improve air safety.

ANS (53 decks)

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