Air Traffic Services Flashcards
What are the divisions of the air traffic services? (2.3.1)
1) area control service: the provision of air traffic control service for controlled flights, except for those parts of such flights described in 2.3.1 b) and c) in order to accomplish objectives a) and c) of 2.2;
2) Approach control service: the provision of air traffic control service for those parts of controlled flights associated with arrival and departure, in order to accomplish objectives a and c of 2.2
3) Aerodrome control service: the provision of air traffic control service for aerodrome traffic, except for those parts of flights described in 2.3.1 b, in order to complete objects a b and c of 2.2
What are the objectives of air traffic service?
a) Prevent collisions between aircraft
b) prevent collisions between aircraft on the maneuvring area and obstructions in that area
c) expedite and maintain an orderly flow of traffic
d) provide advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights;
e) notify the appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid, and assist such organizations as required.
Determination of the need for air traffic services
the need for the provision of air traffic services shall be determined by consideration of the following:
a) types of air traffic involved
b) the density of air traffic
c) the meteorological conditions
d) such other factors as may be relevant
How is it determined how portions of airspace are designated?
When it has been determined that air traffic services will be provided in particular portions of the airspace or at particular aerodromes, then those portions of airspace or those aerodromes shall be designated in relation to the air traffic services that are to be provided.
Explain all the designations a portion of airspace may receive.
FLight Information Regions: those portions of airspace where it is determined that flight information service and alerting service will be provided shall be designated as flight information regions
Control areas and control zones: those portions of the airspace where it is determined that air traffic control service will be provided to IFR flights shall be designated as control areas or control zones
Controlled aerodromes: those aerodromes where it is determined that air traffic control service will be provided to aerodrome traffic shall be designated as controlled aerodromes.
How shall air traffic services be provided by flight information centers and air traffic control units?
The air traffic services shall be provided by units established and designated as follows:
1) Flight information centers shall be established to provide flight information service and alerting service within flight information regions, unless the responsibility of providing such services within a flight information region is assigned to an air traffic control unit having adequate facilities for the discharg of such responsibility.
2) Air traffic control units shall be established to provide air traffic control service, flight information service and alerting service within control areas, control zones and at controlled aerodromes
Recommendation for Specification for flight information regions, control areas and control zones in terms of the delineation of airspace.
Recommendation - The delineation of airspace, wherein air traffic advisory services are to be provided should be related to the nature of the route structure and the need for efficient service rather than to national boundaries.
How should an area control center or flight information center be identified?
Recommendation - An area control center or flight information center should be identified by the name of a nearby town or city or geographic feature
Establishment and Identification of standard routes for taxiing aircraft
Recommendation - Where necessary, standard routes for taxiing aircraft should be established on an aerodrome between runways, aprons, and maintenance areas. Such routes should be direct, simple and where practicable, designed to avoid traffic conflicts
Recommendation - Standard routes for taxiing aircraft should be identified by designators distinctly different from those of the runways and ATS Routes.
Coordination between the operator and Air Traffic Services**
Air traffic services units, in carrying out their objectives, shall have due regard for the requirements of the operators consequent on their obligations as specified in Annex 6, and, if so required by the operators, shall make available to them or their designated representatives such information as may be available to enable them or their designated representatives to carry out their responsibilities.
When so requested by an operator, messages (including position reports) received by air traffic services units and relating to the operation of the aircraft for which operational control service is provided by that operator shall, so far as practicable,be made available immediately to the operatior or a designated representative in accordance with locally agreed procedures.
Coordination between military authorities and air traffic services
Air traffic services authorities shall establish and maintain close cooperation with military authorities responsible for activities that may affect flights of civil aircraft.
Coordination between meteorological and air traffic services authorities. (+)
To ensure that aircraft receive the most up-to-date meteorological information for aircraft operations, arrangements shall be made, where necessaru, between meteorological and air traffic services authorities for air traffic services personnel.
Coordination between aeronautical information services and air traffic services authorities
To ensure that aeronautical information services units obtain information to enable them to provide up-to-date pre-flight information and to meet the need for in flight information, arrangements shall be made between aeronautical information services and air traffic services authorities responsible for air traffic services to report to the responsible aeronautical information services unit, with a minimum delay:
a)information on aerodrome conditions;
b) the operational status of associated facilities, services and navigation aids within their area of responsiblity
c) the occurence of volcanic acticity observed by air traffic services personnel or reported by aircrafto; and
d) any other information considered to be of operational significance.
Minimum flight altitudes (How are they determined and what shall they provide)
Minimum flight altitudes shall be determined and promulgated by each Contracting State for each ATS route and control area over its territory. The minimum flight altitudes determined shall provide a minimum clearance above the controlling obstavle located within the areas concerned.
How shall time be expressed in air traffic services?
Air traffic services units shall use Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and shall express the time in hours and minutes and, when required, seconds of the 24 hour day beginning at midnight.
Service to aircraft in the event of emergency
An airacraft known or believed to be in a state of emergency, including being subjected to unlawful interference shall be given maximum consideration, assistance and priority over other aircraft as may be necessitated by the circumstances.
Explain In flight Contingencies for strayed or unidentified aircraft
Should the ATS unit consider that a strayed or unidentified aircraft may be the subject of unlawful interference, the appropriate authority designated by the state shall immediately be informed, in accordance with locally agreed procedures.
Strayed Aircraft - an aircraft which has deviated significantly from its intended track or which reports that it is lost.
Unidentified aircraft - an aircraft which has been observed of reported to be operating in a given area but whose identity has not been established.
What are air traffic control clearances based on?
Air traffic control clearances shall be based solely on the requirements for providing air traffic control service.
What is the responsibility of air traffic services concerning the provision of aeronautical information to aeronautical information services?
The air traffic services responsible for the provision of raw aeronautical information/data to the aeronautical information service shall do so while taking into account accuracy and integrity requirements for aeronautical data as specified in appendix 6 of annex 11.
What shall an air traffic control clearance indicate?
An air traffic control clearance shall indicate:
a) aircraft identification as shown in the flight plan;
b) clearance limit;
c) route of flight;
d) level (s) of flight for the entire route or part thereof and changes of levels if required;
e) any neccessary instructions on other matters such as approach or departure maneuvers, communications and the time of expiry of the clearance.
What are the designations for those portions of airspace where it has been determined that ATC service will also be provided to VFR flights?
Those portions of controlled airspace wherein it is determined that air traffic control service will also be provided to VFR flights shall be designated as Classes B, C or D airspace.
