Vision

Question 1

The most sensitive to wavelengths of energy called visible spectrum:

Answer 1

Human Photoreceptors

Question 2

The distance from the peak of one wave to the peak of the next wave and corresponds to the perceptual term ‘hue’ or color.

Answer 2

Wavelengths

Question 3

Short Wavelength:

Answer 3

Bluish color

Question 4

Medium Wavelength:

Answer 4

Greenish color

Question 5

Long Wavelength:

Answer 5

Reddish color

Question 6

Corresponds to perceptual term brightness and is measured by the height of the wave:

Answer 6

Amplitude/Intensity

Question 7

Large amp./intensity:

Answer 7

Bright color

Question 8

Small amp./intensity:

Answer 8

Dull color

Question 9

A specialised, transparent portion of the sclera through which light enters, allowing us to focus light more sharply:

Answer 9

Cornea

Question 10

What protects the eye?

Answer 10

Cornea

Question 11

Pigmented muscle that gives the eye its color and regulates the amount of light:

Answer 11

Iris

Question 12

Dark hole in the center of the iris that reduces glare; the size of the opening depends on the amount:

Answer 12

Pupil

Question 13

Reacts to bend the rays of light so that the light is properly focused on the rear of the eye; this focuses light by changing its own:

Answer 13

Lens

Question 14

Layers of cells containing photoreceptors, rodes, and cones that transduce light energy to electrochemical energy:

Answer 14

Retina

Question 15

Operates like film in a camera:

Answer 15

Retina

Question 16

Area in the center of the retina where vision is shaped:

Answer 16

Fovea

Question 17

The point of central focus:

Answer 17

Fovea

Question 18

Bundle of ganglion axons that lead out of the eye toward the brain carring info about light:

Answer 18

Optic Nerve to Visual Cortex

Question 19

Location on the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye on its way to the brain:

Answer 19

Blind Spot

Question 20

The process by which the eye’s lens changes shape to help focus near or far objects on the retina:

Answer 20

Accommodation

Question 21

Too much curvature of the lens:

Answer 21

Nearsighted Vision

Question 22

Too little curvature of the lens:

Answer 22

Farsighted Vision

Question 23

The light rays from distant objects focus in the middle of the retina, so when their image reaches the fovea, the rays are spreading out, blurring the image:

Answer 23

Nearsighted Vision

Question 24

The light rays from nearby objects come into focus behind the fovea, resulting in blurred images:

Answer 24

Farsighted Vision

Question 25

Irregularity in the shape of the cornea or lens causing distorted/blurred images on the fovea:

Answer 25

Astigmatism

Question 26

Located in the retina’s periphery:

Answer 26

Rods

Question 27

These receive light energy in low light but are unable to detect colors and function in night vision:

Answer 27

Rods

Question 28

Located in the middle of the retina:

Answer 28

Cones

Question 29

Detect color in brighter light and function in the daytime:

Answer 29

Cones

Question 30

Both rods and cones synapse with ___ cells which come together to form ____ cells:

Answer 30

Bipolar; Ganglion

Question 31

Ganglion cells come together to form your ____:

Answer 31

Optic Nerve

Question 32

Junction of the two optic nerves where fibers from nasal sides of the two retinas cross:

Answer 32

Optic Chiasm

Question 33

Point at which approx. 2/3 of the fibers that make up the optic nerve cross over the midline of the brain:

Answer 33

Optic Chiasm

Question 34

Located in the occipital lobe of both hemispheres which contain he many specialized cells for visual perception:

Answer 34

Visual Cortex

Question 35

Activation of neurons in the cortex that respond to specific features of the stimulus (shape, angle, movement, etc):

Answer 35

Feature Detectors

Question 36

Processing of several aspects of the stimulus simultaneously. The brain divides a visual scene into subdivisions such as color, depth, form, movement, etc:

Answer 36

Parallel Processing

Question 37

Who won a Nobel prize for the Parallel Processing research?

Answer 37

David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel

Question 38

A. Three different types of photoreceptors are sensitive to different ranges of wavelengths; ___, ____, and ____ cones:

Answer 38

Red, blue, green

Question 39

B. Each color you see results from a specific ____ of activation among the three types of receptors:

Answer 39

Ratio

Question 40

What color results from stimulation of red and green cones?

Answer 40

Yellow

Question 41

C. The Trichromatic Theory is used to explain ______:

Answer 41

Colorblindness

Question 42

The most common colorblindess is caused by a malfunction in the ___ cone system:

Answer 42

Green

Question 43

Which theory are questions A, B, and C relating to?

Answer 43

Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory

Question 44

Created the Opponent Process Theory:

Answer 44

Edward Hering

Question 45

Suggests that receptor cells are linked in pairs, working in opposition to each other:

Answer 45

Opponent Process Theory

Question 46

In the _____, some neurons are turned on by red but off by green:

Answer 46

Thalamus

Question 47

List each colors’ opposite:
Red and ____
Blue and ____
White and ____

Answer 47

Green, Yellow, Black

Question 48

Color of an object remains the same under different illuminations. However, when the context changes, the color of an object may look different:

Answer 48

Color Constancy