Forgetting and Memory Construction (Unit 6) Flashcards
Seven Sins of Memory by:
Daniel Schacter
What are the three sins of forgetting?
- Absent-mindedness
- Transience
- Blocking
What are the three sins of distortion?
- Misattribution
- Suggestibility
- Bias
What is the sin of intrustion?
Persistance
Inattention to details produces encoding failure:
Absent-mindness
Unused info fades:
Transience
Stored info is unaccessible:
Blocking
Confusing the source of info:
Misattribution
Attributing to the wrong source an event that we have experiences, heard about, read about, or imagined:
Source Amnesia
Belief-colored recollections:
Bias
Unwanted memories:
Persistence
____ affects encoding efficiency:
Age
Never encode what we don’t notice:
Inattentional/Change Blindness
The course of forgetting is initially rapid, then levels off with time:
Ebbinghaus’ forgetting curve
Examined the forgetting curve for Spanish vocab learned in school:
Harry Bahrick
After 3 year - forgetting ____ and could remember remaining info for next ____ years:
Levels off, 25
Old learning interferes with new learning:
Proactive Interference
New learning interferes with old learning:
Retroactive Interference
Occurs when mastery of one task aids in learning or performing of another:
Positive Transfer
Occurs when mastery of one task conflicts with learning or performing another:
Negative Transfer
After exposed to subtle misinformation, many people misremember:
Misinformation Effect
Key theorist on eyewitness testimony:
Elizabeth Lofus
Children as eyewitnesses are credible when:
1. Involved adults have ____ _____ with them prior to the interview
2. When their disclosure is made in a first interview with a ____ person who asks ___-____ questions
not spoken; neutral; non-leading
As we recount an experience, we fill in memory gaps with plausible guesses and assumptions:
Memory Reconstruction
False memories that a person believes to be true:
Pseudo-memories
To remember the past is often to ___ it:
Revise
People unknowingly revise their memories:
Motivated Forgetting
A defense mechanism where our memory systems self-censor painful info:
Repression by Freud
Conscious process of deliberately trying to forget something that causes distress:
Suppression
Rare disorder characterized by reversible amnesia for personal identity; caused by stress:
Fugue
Loss of memory:
Amnesia
Loss of memory for events that occured just before onset of amnesia:
Retrograde Amnesia
Inability to form new LTM - loss of factual memory but procedural memory stays intact:
Anterograde Amnesia
Due to a vitamin B deficiency; disease that afflicts long-term alcoholism where intellectual abilities may be intact, but suffer other symptoms like hallucinations and tendency to repeat the same story over and over:
Korsakoff’s Syndrome
Umbrella term for symptoms caused by changes in the brain function severe enough to affect daily life:
Dementia
Illness characterized by a loss of factual and procedural memory; due to a lack of Ach:
Alzheimer’s
Neurons in the _____ that release Ach might prevent storage of new material but does not affect ____:
Hippocampus; retrieval
Formerly known as multiple personality disorder:
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
Dissociation is caused by ___ that leads to a cut in the connection of memories:
Trauma
DID affects __% of the population, normally develops at a ____ age:
1%; young
DID
An ___ exhibits different behaviors, mannerisms, personality, physical, characteristics, and gender; lose _____ __ ___ due to various personalities having different memories:
Alter; Periods of time
DID
Almost always ___ so often ____ affected more:
Abused; women
DID
Cause: _____
Treatment: _____ ____ ___
