Forgetting and Memory Construction (Unit 6)

Question 1

Seven Sins of Memory by:

Answer 1

Daniel Schacter

Question 2

What are the three sins of forgetting?

Answer 2

1. Absent-mindedness
2. Transience
3. Blocking

Question 3

What are the three sins of distortion?

Answer 3

1. Misattribution
2. Suggestibility
3. Bias

Question 4

What is the sin of intrustion?

Answer 4

Persistance

Question 5

Inattention to details produces encoding failure:

Answer 5

Absent-mindness

Question 6

Unused info fades:

Answer 6

Transience

Question 7

Stored info is unaccessible:

Answer 7

Blocking

Question 8

Confusing the source of info:

Answer 8

Misattribution

Question 9

Attributing to the wrong source an event that we have experiences, heard about, read about, or imagined:

Answer 9

Source Amnesia

Question 10

Belief-colored recollections:

Answer 10

Bias

Question 11

Unwanted memories:

Answer 11

Persistence

Question 12

____ affects encoding efficiency:

Answer 12

Age

Question 13

Never encode what we don’t notice:

Answer 13

Inattentional/Change Blindness

Question 14

The course of forgetting is initially rapid, then levels off with time:

Answer 14

Ebbinghaus’ forgetting curve

Question 15

Examined the forgetting curve for Spanish vocab learned in school:

Answer 15

Harry Bahrick

Question 16

After 3 year - forgetting ____ and could remember remaining info for next ____ years:

Answer 16

Levels off, 25

Question 17

Old learning interferes with new learning:

Answer 17

Proactive Interference

Question 18

New learning interferes with old learning:

Answer 18

Retroactive Interference

Question 19

Occurs when mastery of one task aids in learning or performing of another:

Answer 19

Positive Transfer

Question 20

Occurs when mastery of one task conflicts with learning or performing another:

Answer 20

Negative Transfer

Question 21

After exposed to subtle misinformation, many people misremember:

Answer 21

Misinformation Effect

Question 22

Key theorist on eyewitness testimony:

Answer 22

Elizabeth Lofus

Question 23

Children as eyewitnesses are credible when:
1. Involved adults have ____ _____ with them prior to the interview
2. When their disclosure is made in a first interview with a ____ person who asks ___-____ questions

Answer 23

not spoken; neutral; non-leading

Question 24

As we recount an experience, we fill in memory gaps with plausible guesses and assumptions:

Answer 24

Memory Reconstruction

Question 25

False memories that a person believes to be true:

Answer 25

Pseudo-memories

Question 26

To remember the past is often to ___ it:

Answer 26

Revise

Question 27

People unknowingly revise their memories:

Answer 27

Motivated Forgetting

Question 28

A defense mechanism where our memory systems self-censor painful info:

Answer 28

Repression by Freud

Question 29

Conscious process of deliberately trying to forget something that causes distress:

Answer 29

Suppression

Question 30

Rare disorder characterized by reversible amnesia for personal identity; caused by stress:

Answer 30

Fugue

Question 31

Loss of memory:

Answer 31

Amnesia

Question 32

Loss of memory for events that occured just before onset of amnesia:

Answer 32

Retrograde Amnesia

Question 33

Inability to form new LTM - loss of factual memory but procedural memory stays intact:

Answer 33

Anterograde Amnesia

Question 34

Due to a vitamin B deficiency; disease that afflicts long-term alcoholism where intellectual abilities may be intact, but suffer other symptoms like hallucinations and tendency to repeat the same story over and over:

Answer 34

Korsakoff’s Syndrome

Question 35

Umbrella term for symptoms caused by changes in the brain function severe enough to affect daily life:

Answer 35

Dementia

Question 36

Illness characterized by a loss of factual and procedural memory; due to a lack of Ach:

Answer 36

Alzheimer’s

Question 37

Neurons in the _____ that release Ach might prevent storage of new material but does not affect ____:

Answer 37

Hippocampus; retrieval

Question 38

Formerly known as multiple personality disorder:

Answer 38

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Question 39

Dissociation is caused by ___ that leads to a cut in the connection of memories:

Answer 39

Trauma

Question 40

DID affects __% of the population, normally develops at a ____ age:

Answer 40

1%; young

Question 41

DID
An ___ exhibits different behaviors, mannerisms, personality, physical, characteristics, and gender; lose _____ __ ___ due to various personalities having different memories:

Answer 41

Alter; Periods of time

Question 42

DID
Almost always ___ so often ____ affected more:

Answer 42

Abused; women

Question 43

DID
Cause: _____
Treatment: _____ ____ ___