Unit 4 Review

Question 1

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment, existence, sensations, and thoughts:

Answer 1

Consciousness

Question 2

Includes all biological processes that are taking place internally and constantly with you noticing:

Answer 2

Nonconscious

Question 3

Stored information within our self or your environment that you are currently not aware or thinking of but can easily call to mind when asked:

Answer 3

Preconscious

Question 4

Hidden memories that influence behavior but can never be known to the conscious mind:

Answer 4

Unconscious

Question 5

Periodic fluctuations in our bodies’ physiological states including annual variations in appetite, 90-minute sleep, cycles, the 28-day menstrual cycle, and circadian rhythms:

Answer 5

Biological Rhythm

Question 6

Regular biological rhythm, such as body temperature and sleep-wakefulness, that follows a 24-hour cycle:

Answer 6

Circadian Rhythm

Question 7

Sleep hormone that is secreted from the pineal gland into the bloodstream:

Answer 7

Melatonin

Question 8

Pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm; in response to light, the SCN caused the pineal gland to adjust melatonin production, thus modifying our feeling of sleepiness; sometimes called the “master clock”:

Answer 8

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Question 9

Natural, periodic, reversible loss of consciousness:

Answer 9

Sleep

Question 10

Brain waves emitted while awake:

Answer 10

Beta Waves

Question 11

15-40 cycles per second:

Answer 11

Beta Waves

Question 12

Relaxed wakeful sleep lasts up to 5 minutes:

Answer 12

Stage 1

Question 13

Hypnagogic states and hallucinations like sense of falling:

Answer 13

Stage 1

Question 14

Start to emit alpha waves:

Answer 14

Stage 1

Question 15

Relatively slow brain waves characteristic of an wake, relaxed state:

Answer 15

Alpha Waves

Question 16

False sensory experiences that occur without any sensory stimulus:

Answer 16

Hallucinations

Question 17

Clearly asleep and relaxed sleep stage with bursts of activity called sleep spindles:

Answer 17

Stage 2

Question 18

Lasts for about 20 mintes; transition from alpha to theta waves:

Answer 18

Stage 2

Question 19

Slower wave moving to restful sleep:

Answer 19

Theta Waves

Question 20

4-7 cycles per second:

Answer 20

Theta Waves

Question 21

Slower paced waves with spikes comparable to low amplitude theta waves:

Answer 21

Sleep Spindles

Question 22

Associated often with sleep spindles:

Answer 22

Sleep Talking

Question 23

Large, high voltage waves that often appear in response to such outside stimuli as sounds:

Answer 23

K-complexes

Question 24

Transition stages with first emission of delta waves; short in length; growth hormone starts to be emitted and immune system starts to replenish itself:

Answer 24

Stage 3

Question 25

Deepest sleep stages of delta waves creating restorative sleepN while growth hormone continues to be emitted:

Answer 25

Stage 4

Question 26

Night terrors, sleep walking, bed wetting, teeth grinding, etc:

Answer 26

Stage 4

Question 27

Large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep:

Answer 27

Delta Waves

Question 28

Less than 4 cycles per second:

Answer 28

Delta Waves

Question 29

Sleep stage in which the brain and eyes are active, the muscles are relaxed, and vivid dreaming occurs:

Answer 29

REM Sleep

Question 30

Brain waves are high but our bodies have no movement because the brainstem acts to block communication between the cerebral cortex and motor neurons to produce REM paralysis:

Answer 30

Paradoxical Sleep

Question 31

Tendency for REM sleep to increase following deprivation:

Answer 31

REM Rebound

Question 32

Brief shift in brain activity from waking to sleeping brain waves; typically lasts for seconds and we lose consciousness and are unaware of our surroundings:

Answer 32

Microsleep

Question 33

Sleep apnea that affects and often killls infants:

Answer 33

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Question 34

Occurs between transition to Stage 4:

Answer 34

Sleep walking

Question 35

Negative dreams that occur during REM:

Answer 35

Nightmares

Question 36

Episodes of high arousal with apparent fear occurring during Stage 4:

Answer 36

Night terrors

Question 37

Remembered story line of a dream:

Answer 37

Manifest Content

Question 38

Underlying but censored meaning of a dream:

Answer 38

Latent Content

Question 39

Physiological point of view that when we sleep, the pons sends signals to the cerebral cortex, creating what we perceive as dreams; view dreams as the mind's attempt to make sense of random neural firings in the brain as we sleep when there is no meaning:

Answer 39

Activation-Synthesis Theory of Dreams

Question 40

Dreams are the brain's attempts to make sense of what we encounter during the day, and by shutting down sensory experiences, our brain can process the new data acquired from the day:

Answer 40

Information-Processing Theory of Dreams

Question 41

Social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings. thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur:

Answer 41

Hypnosis

Question 42

A client is more able to respond positively to recommendations:

Answer 42

State of Suggestibility

Question 43

Subjects are unable to recall what happened while they were under hypnosis:

Answer 43

Posthypnotic Amnesia

Question 44

Believes hypnosis is not an altered state of consciousness but people pretending to be hypnotized and become actors in a role:

Answer 44

Social Influence Theory

Question 45

Believes hypnosis is not an altered state of consciousness but people pretending to be hypnotized and become actors in a role:

Answer 45

Social Influence Theory

Question 46

Hilgard proposes hypnosis creates a dissociative state by dividing higher executive functions of the brain that keeps the mind aware of hypnosis and lets the individual remain open to suggestion:

Answer 46

Divided Consciousness Theory

Question 47

A part of a hypnotized persons' consciousness that remains aware of happenings even under hypnosis:

Answer 47

Hidden Observer

Question 48

Split between different levels of consciousness, allowing a person to divide attention between two or more thoughts:

Answer 48

Dissociation

Question 49

Chemical substances that alter mood and perception:

Answer 49

Psychoactive Drugs

Question 50

Field of study that examines changes induced by drugs in mood, thinking, and behavior:

Answer 50

Psychopharmacology

Question 51

Physiological need for a drug that is indicated by the presence of withdrawal symptoms when a drug is not taken:

Answer 51

Physical Dependence

Question 52

Need to take the drug to alter your memories or thoughts:

Answer 52

Psychological Dependence

Question 53

Continued substance craving and use despite significane life disruption:

Answer 53

Substance Use Disorder

Question 54

Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use:

Answer 54

Alcohol Use Disorder

Question 55

Addicts lack frontal lobe inhibitor to make proper judgments about what to do/not do:

Answer 55

Impulse Control

Question 56

Psychoactive drug that reduces neural activity and slows body functions:

Answer 56

Depressants

Question 57

Alcohol, opiates which relieve pain, and barbiturates which induce sleep or reduce anxiety:

Answer 57

Depressants

Question 58

Slows neural processing and thinking, impairs physical activity, reduces self-awareness, and impairs memory and REM sleep; intensifies GABA and reduces glutamate, causing sluggish movements, slurred speech, and impaired judgments:

Answer 58

Alcohol

Question 59

Reduce anxiety and induce sleep by depressing activity of central nervous system; increases GABA:

Answer 59

Sedatives/Tranquilizers

Question 60

Reduce neurotransmission and temporarily lessens pain and anxiety by reducing GABA and slows the release of dopamine:

Answer 60

Opiates

Question 61

The inability to feel pain anturally due to an opiate addiction imapring the brains ability to produce endorphins and opamine:

Answer 61

Anhedonia

Question 62

Psychoactive drugs that excite neural activity and speed up bodily functions:

Answer 62

Stimualnts

Question 63

Caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine:

Answer 63

Stimulants

Question 64

Imitates ACh making the smoker feel good:

Answer 64

Nicotine

Question 65

Most used drug in the world; acts as adenosine-receptor antagonist causing people to have a rush of energy to stay awake:

Answer 65

Caffeine

Question 66

Blocks the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine; causes an immediate rush followed by a crash:

Answer 66

Cocaine

Question 67

Increase wakefulness and enhance cognitive performance while increasing metabolism; used to treat weight gain, narcolepsy, and ADHD:

Answer 67

Amphetamines

Question 68

"Super" stimulant making it faster acting, more potent, and more dangerous than amphetamines because it is methylated twice:

Answer 68

Methamphetamine

Question 69

Psychoactive drugs that distort perception and evoke sensory imagery in the absense of senroy input:

Answer 69

Hallucinogens

Question 70

LSD and Marijuana:

Answer 70

Hallucinogens

Question 71

Stimulant and mild hallucinogen that produces short-term euphoria by increasing dopamine and serotonin levels in the brain:

Answer 71

Ecstasy (MDMA)

Question 72

Produced vivid false perceptions and disorganization of thought process; produces its unpredictable effects partially because it blocks the action of serotonin causing near death experience due to the lack of oxygen:

Answer 72

LSD

Question 73

Mild hallucinogen and most active ingredient in marihuana:

Answer 73

THC

Question 74

Causes mild euphoria, relaxation, and increased auditory and visual perceptions:

Answer 74

THC

Question 75

Belief that the mind and body are distinct entities - the mind non-physical, the body physical:

Answer 75

Dualism

Question 76

Belief that the mind and body are different aspects of the same thing:

Answer 76

Monism

Question 77

Consciousness is a continuous flow:

Answer 77

William James

Question 78

Known for theory of dream interpretation, stating dreams are a method for reaching into the unconscious mind and dreams might represent a form of wish-fulfillment by the unconscious mind:

Answer 78

Sigmund Freud

Question 79

Developed dissociation theory of hypnosis:

Answer 79

Ernest Hilgard