Genetics (Unit 11) Flashcards
A long threadlike structure made largely of DNA molecules:
Chromosome
__ pairs of ___ total:
23; 46
Chromosome pairs 1-22:
Autosomes
Found both in men and women but men have one and women have two:
X Chromosome
When paired with the X chromosome from the mother, a male child is produced:
Y Chromosome
Presence of 3 copies of the autosome 21:
Down Syndrome
-Typically have a round head and flat nasal bridge
-Poor muscle tone and coordination
-Intellectually Disabled
Down Syndrome
Females who have only one X sex chromosome; typically short, webbed, fingers, sterile, learning impaired:
Turner Syndrome
Males arise from an XXY zygote, have feminine characteristics, normally mentally impaired; occurs on eout of every 900 males:
Klinefelter Syndrome
Taller than usual, moderate to sever acne, homosexual behaviors, impulsive, more prevalent
XYY Males
A segment of DNA containing the code for a particular protein or trait; determines individuals’ biological inheritance:
Genes
Subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes:
Molecular Genetics
Study of environmental influences of gene expression that occur without a DNA change:
Epigenetics
The expression of the genes:
Phenotype
The genetic makeup of an individual:
Genotype
The biochemical letters that form the building locks of DNA:
Nucleotides
A (______) and T (______) pair:
Adenine and Thymine
C (______) and G (______) pair:
Cytosine and Guanine
A change in the order of the DNA bases and is the source of all genetic diversity:
Mutation
Controls the appearance of a certain trait:
Dominant Genes
Degeneration of the nervous system:
Huntington’s Disease
Controls the appearance only if paired with another recessive gene:
Recessive Genes
Progressive loss of nervous function in a baby that becomes obvious around 6 months of age when a baby can’t sit up:
Tay-Sachs Syndrome
Synthesize or store melanin and involves abnormal nerve pathways to brain:
Albinism
Severe, irreversible brain damage because infant cannot digest amino acid which builds up and poisons the nervous system cells:
PKU
The spiraling complex molecule containing genetic information that makes up the chromosomes:
DNA