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AP Psychology > Unit 1 Review > Flashcards

Unit 1 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain human thought and behavior strictly in terms of biological processes.

A

Neuroscience/Biological Perspective

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2
Q

How natural selection of traits promoted the survival of genes:

A

Evolutionary Perspective

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3
Q

Look at observable behaviors and what reaction organisms get in response to specific behaviors:

A

Behavioral Perspective

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4
Q

Part of the behavioral perspective:

A

Watson and B.F. Skinner

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5
Q

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts:

A

Psychoanalytical Perspective

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6
Q

Father of Psychoanalysis:

A

Freud

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7
Q

Examines human thoughts in terms of how we encode process, store, and retrieve information:

A

Cognitive Perspective

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8
Q

Part of the Cognitive Perspective:

A

Piaget

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9
Q

How our environment influences our growth potential:

A

Humanistic Perspective

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10
Q

Part of Humanistic Perspective:

A

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

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11
Q

Twofold view that knowledge comes from the senses (not innate) and observation/experimentation are the basis of science:

A

Empiricism

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12
Q

Early school of psych that used introspection to examine the structure of the mind:

A

Structuralism

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13
Q

Introduced Structuralism:

A

Wundt and Titchener

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14
Q

Early school of psych that emphasized the adaptive significance of behavior and mental processes:

A

Functionalism

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15
Q

Introduced Functionalism:

A

William James

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16
Q

Pure science that aims to increase psych’s scientific knowledge base:

A

Basic Research

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17
Q

Careful reasoning that examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses consclusions:

A

Critical Thinking

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18
Q

Explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations:

A

Theory

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19
Q

Details of how you will measure the variables, how you will observe and measure the results, and how you will evaluate the hypothesis:

A

Methodology

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20
Q

Portraying an overly positive view of themselves as they want to be viewed but not necessarily who they are:

A

Subjective Self-Report

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21
Q

Subtle cues interviewers may convey about their expectations which can cause interviewees to behave in ways they believe the interviewer wants them to behave:

A

Demand Characteristics

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22
Q

Tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors:

A

False Consensus Effect

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23
Q

Indicate the strength between the two variables; no correlation is 0:

A

Correlation Coefficients

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24
Q

Subgroups within the population are equally represented and members of these subgroups have an equal chance in being selected for the sampe:

A

Stratified Sampling

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25
Q

Tendency for subjects to behave in certain ways based on their perception of the experiment:

A

Participant/Response Bias

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26
Q

Influences of being part of a group that bonded based on a time period or certain life experiences:

A

Cohort Effects

27
Q

Apply what is learned from a study/research to all people:

A

Generalizability

28
Q

Likelihood that differences in the DV are caused by the IV:

A

Internal Validity

29
Q

Ability to generalize the results of a study to the larger population:

A

External Validity

30
Q

Any type of academic research must first propose the study to the ethics board or IRB at the institution:

A

APA Ethical Guidelines for Human Research

31
Q

Ethical psych studies using animals must meet the following requirements: have a clear purpose, care for/house the animals in a humane way, acquire animal subjects legally, design experimental procedures that employ the least amount of suffering:

A

APA Ethical Guidelines for Animal Research

32
Q

Committee on the IRB that weighs the risks to the animal against the benefits of the research:

A

Animal Care and Use Committee

33
Q

Advocates for ethical use of animals in research:

A

Committee on Animal Research and Ethics

34
Q

Meet to review any study to determine if the propral is ethical or if it poses risks to those involved:

A

IRB

35
Q

Participants in study must give SIGNED consent indicating that they understand the components and potential risks of the study:

A

Informed Consent

36
Q

To force or require a participant to comply:

A

Coercion

37
Q

Involves misleading participants about the nature of an experiment and its methodology and is acceptable when the researcher believes it is necessary and the IRB agees:

A

Deception

38
Q

When deception is used, the researcher must explain the deception after the study:

A

Debrief

39
Q

Techniques for organizing and describing data sets:

A

Descriptive Statistics

40
Q

Organizing data to determine how often something occurs:

A

Frequency Distribution

41
Q

Tendency for the extreme or unusual scores to fall back toward the average:

A

Regression to the Mean

42
Q

Average amount in which the scores in a distribution deviate around the mean:

A

Standard Deviation

43
Q

Number of standard deviations from the mean:

A

Z-Score

44
Q

Indicates how widely spread scores are from one another and the mean:

A

Variance

45
Q

The probability of getting the experimental results:

A

P-Value

46
Q

Stats that can determine whether findings can be applied to the larger population from which the sample was selected:

A

Inferential Statistics

47
Q

Percentage of scores in a distribution that a score falls above:

A

Percentile Rank

48
Q

Labels or names categories of data but do not lend themselves to mathematical computations:

A

Nominal Scale

49
Q

Produces data that can be rank ordered:

A

Ordinal Scale

50
Q

Represents data that can be placed in rank order and that have equal measurements between values on the scale:

A

Interval Scale

51
Q

A line graph that is used to display continuous data generally measured on interval or ratio scales:

A

Frequency Polygon

52
Q

First female president of the APA:

A

Mary Calkins

53
Q

Student of William James and pioneer memory reseearcher:

A

Mary Calkins

54
Q

First female to recieve a PhD in psych:

A

Margaret Washburn

55
Q

Researched animal behavior and wrote “The Animal Mind”:

A

Margaret Washburn

56
Q

Character and intelligence are largely inheritaged and certain ideas are innate:

A

Plato

57
Q

Character and intelligence are not innate; they come from the enviornment via the senses:

A

Aristotle

58
Q

Character and intelligence are not innate; they come from the environment via the sense:

A

Aristotle

59
Q

The mind is a black slate upon which experience writes:

A

John Locke

60
Q

Disagreed with Locke stating some ideas are innate:

A

Rene Descartes

61
Q

Gestalt psychologist who argued against divine human thought and behavior into discrete structures but instead tried to examine a person’s total experiences because the way we experience the world is more than just an accumulation of various perceptual experiences:

A

Max Wertheimer

62
Q

Undertook an investigation of the living conditions of poor people with mental illness:

A

Dorothea Dix

63
Q

First president of the APA, founder of the first journal for research in psych, and created the first psych lab in the US at Johns Hopkins:

A

Stanley Hall

64
Q

Professor at Harvard who criticized structuralism:

A

William James

AP Psychology (42 decks)

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