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AP Psychology > 2e. States of Consciousness & Sleep > Flashcards

2e. States of Consciousness & Sleep Flashcards

Unit 4

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1
Q

The awareness of ourselves and the environment (sensations, thoughts, and feelings expressed in a given moment):

A

Consciousness

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2
Q

It is our ______ understanding of both the environment around us and our private internal world, unobservable to others:

A

Subjective

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3
Q

Who believed consciousness served as a function because it enables us to consider our past, adjust to our present, and plan for our future?

A

William James

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4
Q

Outside of awareness but contains feelings and memories that can easily be brought back to conscious awareness:

A

Preconscious

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5
Q

Includes unacceptable feelings/thoughts not directly available to conscious awareness:

A

Unconscious or Subconscious

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6
Q

Processes are completely inaccessible to conscious:

A

Nonconscious

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7
Q

___ consciousness means we are awake and aware of our thoughts, emotions, and perceptions:

A

Waking

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8
Q

______ ____ of consciousness can be natural like when we are sleeping and dreaming:

A

Altered States

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9
Q

______ ____ of of consciousness can also be deliberate like during drug use of hypnosis:

A

Altered States

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10
Q

Involves initiating activities and carrying them out without much effort:

A

Automatic Processing

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11
Q

Initiating an activity and making a conscious effort to direct our behavior:

A

Effortful/Controlled Processing

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12
Q

_______ _______ occur on a 24/25 hour cycle and one cycle sleep and wakefulness:

A

Circadian Rhythm

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13
Q

Termed our “_____ ___” it can be altered by artificial light:

A

Biological Clock

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14
Q

Light triggers the _________ ______ to decrease _____ from the ____ gland and increase it at nightfall:

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus; melatonin; pineal

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15
Q

Researchers contend that if our bodies were given free rein they would tend more towards a 25 hour clock:

A

Free Running Rhythms

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16
Q

The periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness:

A

Sleep

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17
Q

How many sleep cycles are there?

A

4

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18
Q

Every ___ to ____ minutes we pass through a cycle:

A

90 to 100

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19
Q

List the sleep cycle stages:

A

State 1-3 and REM

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20
Q

Who used EEG to study sleep?

A

Eugene Aserinsky

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21
Q

What state is when we are awake and moving?

A

Awake Aroused State

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22
Q

In the Awake Aroused State, our brain emits what?

A

Beta Waves

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23
Q

How many CPS are beta waves?

A

15-40 CPS

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24
Q

What state happens when one closes their eyes but remains awake?

A

Awake but Relaxed State

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25
Q

In the Awake but Relaxed State, the brain activity ____ down to a large amp and slow regular _____ waves:

A

Slows; Alpha

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26
Q

How many CPS happen in an alpha wave?

A

9-14 CPS

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27
Q

Relaxed wakefulness that lasts up to 5 minutes:

A

NREM Stage One

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28
Q

Often in a hypnagogic state:

A

NREM Stage One

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29
Q

Often experience hallucinations or sensations of falling; body jerks unexpectedly:

A

NREM Stage One

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30
Q

Can carry a convo but forget it the next day:

A

NREM Stage One

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31
Q

Exhibit alpha waves:

A

NREM Stage One

32
Q

Emit theta waves:

A

NREM Stage Two

33
Q

This stage lasts about 20 minutes:

A

NREM Stage Two

34
Q

Sleep spindles occur in this stage:

A

NREM Stage Two

35
Q

K-Complexes occur in this stage:

A

NREM Stage Two

36
Q

Large, high voltage waves that appear in response to outside stimuli:

A

K-Complexes

37
Q

50% of sleep occurs in this stage:

A

NREM Stage Two

38
Q

Emit delta waves:

A

NREM Stage Three

39
Q

First cycle is 30 minutes and gets shorter as the night goes on:

A

NREM Stage Three

40
Q

Temperature decreases and pulse slows:

A

NREM Stage Three

41
Q

What happens in Stage Three? (4):

A

-Sleep walking
-Teeth grinding
-Bed wetting
-Night Terrors

42
Q

Which stage is the growth hormone secreted?

A

NREM Stage Three

43
Q

Which stage do dreams/nightmares occur?

A

REM Stage Four

44
Q

Which stage is known as paradoxical sleep?

A

REM Stage Four

45
Q

What is paradoxical sleep?

A

Internally aroused but externally calm

46
Q

Occurs 90 minutes after falling asleep and happens 5-6 throughout the night:

A

NREM Stage Four

47
Q

Are beta waves emitted in Stage 4?

A

Yes

48
Q

Which stage does sleep paralysis occur in?

A

REM Stage Four

49
Q

Brainstem blocks communication between cerebral cortex and motor neurons so our bodies remain still during dreams:

A

Sleep Paralysis

50
Q

How long does a full sleep cycle last?

A

90 minutes

51
Q

How many full sleep cycles do you have every night?

A

5-6 cycles

52
Q

List a full sleep cycle:

A

1, 2, 3, 2, REM
2, 3, 2, REM, 2, 3, 2
REM, 2, REM

53
Q

We spend ___ of our lives asleep:

A

1/3

54
Q

Infants sleep ____ hours a day; ____ of that time is in REM:

A

16; half

55
Q

Young adults sleep _____ hours a day with about ____% REM sleep:

A

7-8; 25%

56
Q

Old people sleep about __ hours with ___% REM:

A

6; 15%

57
Q

When you get little sleep one night, you spend more time in REM sleep the next night:

A

REM Rebound

58
Q

REM sleep plays a role in ____ and ____:

A

Leaning; Memory

59
Q

Body builds up sleep debt for up to 2 weeks:

A

Sleep Deprivation

60
Q

What day has the most accidents?

A

Daylight Savings Spring Foward

61
Q

Tiny periods of sleep that don’t actually help the body but seem to help one “get through”:

A

Microsleep

62
Q

Sleep protects and helps us recover, restore, and repair brain and body tissure:

A

Restorative Theory

63
Q

Sleep helps us remember because it provides our brains with time to restore and rebuild fading memories:

A

Memory Consolidation Theory

64
Q

Sleep provides the body with time to grow because the pituitary gland releases the growth hormone while one is asleep:

A

Growth Theory

65
Q

We sleep at night because it is safer and more functional (evolutionary perspective):

A

Adaptive Non-Responding Theory

66
Q

Periodic sleepiness at any time for a short period of time:

A

Narcolepsy

67
Q

Persistent problems in falling or staying asleep:

A

Insomnia

68
Q

Getting or needing too much sleep:

A

Hypersomnia

69
Q

Stop breathing during sleep for a few seconds or more:

A

Sleep Apnea

70
Q

What is sleep apnea connected with?

A

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

71
Q

Cause sudden arousal from sleep with intense fear:

A

Night Terrors

72
Q

Which stage do night terrors occur in?

A

Stage 3

73
Q

Somnambulism:

A

Sleep walking

74
Q

Somniloquy:

A

Sleep talking

75
Q

What runs in families and occur during stages 1-3?

A

Sleeptalking

AP Psychology (42 decks)

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