2a. Neurons, neurotransmitters, (beginning)

Question 1

What is the function of GABA?

Answer 1

Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter- voltage change due to neurotransmitter that decreases the chances that a neuron will fire an action potential

Question 2

What is a GABA deficit?

Answer 2

Anxiety disorders, insomnia, seizures, and Huntington’s disease

Question 3

What is a Dopamine surplus?

Answer 3

schizophrenia

Question 4

What is a Dopamine deficit?

Answer 4

Tremors and Parkinson’s disease

Question 5

Function: influences voluntary movement, posture, learning, cognition, attention

Answer 5

Dopamine

Question 6

What is a Glutamate function?

Answer 6

Primary excitatory neurotransmitter a voltage charge due to a neurotransmitter than increasing the chances that a neuron will fire an action potential

Question 7

What is an Acetylcholine function?

Answer 7

Contraction of muscles and heart rate and transmits messages and influences learning and memory

Question 8

What is an Acetylcholine surplus?

Answer 8

Migraines/Seizures

Question 9

What is an Acetylcholine deficit?

Answer 9

Alzheimer’s

Question 10

One main deficit of Serotonin includes..

Answer 10

Depression

Question 11

Located in the body’s sense organs and send information from these organs to the CNS/brain (incoming info- brain and spine)

Answer 11

Sensory/Afferent Neurons

Question 12

What is the most abundant neurotransmitter?

Answer 12

Glutamate

Question 13

What is a Glutamate surplus?

Answer 13

Brain producing brain diseases, migraine, and seizures, problems following brain injury or stroke

Question 14

What is released from the sending neuron that travels across the synapse and binds to receptors sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing it to generate an action potential?

Answer 14

Neurotransmitters/Chemicals

Question 15

What is a Serotonin function?

Answer 15

Involved with mood regulation, hunger, sleep, impulsive control

Question 16

What is a Serontonin deficit?

Answer 16

Sleep-wake disorders, food cravings, aggression

Question 17

What is Norepinephrine?

Answer 17

A hormone and neurotransmitter

Question 18

Conveys information from central nervous system to the body’s organs, glands, and muscles

Answer 18

Motor/Efferent Neurons

Question 19

What is a norepinephrine function?

Answer 19

Helps control alertness and arousal (related to sympathetic nervous system and fight or flight response)

Question 20

What are released in response to pain or vigorous exercise and provide pain relief?

Answer 20

Endorphins

Question 21

What is a junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron?

Answer 21

Synaptic gap/cleft

Question 22

When does someone take an agonist medication?

Answer 22

When they have a deficit of a neurotransmitter

Question 23

What is a molecule that blocks production or release of a neurotransmitter decreasing its action?

Answer 23

An antagonist

Question 24

Why is Curare an antagonist?

Answer 24

It blocks ACh receptor sites on muscles, paralyzing the body.

Question 25

What is a molecule that increases a neurotransmitter's action by either increasing the production or release of neurotransmitters OR by blocking reuptake in the synapse?

Answer 25

An agonist

Question 26

What are the first two parts of the nervous system?

Answer 26

The central and peripheral nervous system

Question 27

What consists of the CNS (Central Nervous System)?

Answer 27

The brain and spinal cord

Question 28

What consists of the PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)?

Answer 28

Motor and sensory neurons

Question 29

What consists of the Motor neurons?

Answer 29

Somatic (voluntary movement) and autonomic nervous systems

Question 30

What consists of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 30

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems

Question 31

axon

Answer 31

fiber attached to soma / carries messages to other cells

Question 32

dendrite

Answer 32

part of neuron that receives messages from other cells

Question 33

soma

Answer 33

cell body / contains nucleus and keeps entire cell alive and functioning

Question 34

myelin sheath

Answer 34

a layer of fatty substances that wrap around the axon shafts forming an insulating and protective sheath, speeds up neural message travelling down axon

Question 35

neurotransmitters

Answer 35

inside neurons, transmit messages

Question 36

synaptic cleft / synaptic gap

Answer 36

between axon terminal and dendrite of other neuron is fluid filled space receptor sites

Question 37

synapse

Answer 37

space where two neurons meet / permits neuron to pass chemical signal to other neuron

Question 38

glia cells

Answer 38

structure on which neurons develop and function hold neurons in place get nutrients to neurons clean up remains of dead or damaged neurons communicate with neurons and other glial cells provide insulation for neurons possible role in depression and schizophrenia

Question 39

receptor sites

Answer 39

proteins that allow only particular molecules of a certain shape to fit into it molecules of neurotransmitter cross synaptic ago to fit into receptor sites

Question 40

neuron

Answer 40

specialized cell in nervous system that receives and sends messages within that system

Question 41

terminal buttons

Answer 41

the small knobs at the end of an axon that release chemicals called neurotransmitters