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AP Psychology > 2a. Neurons, neurotransmitters, (beginning) > Flashcards

2a. Neurons, neurotransmitters, (beginning) Flashcards

Unit 2

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1
Q

What is the function of GABA?

A

Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter- voltage change due to neurotransmitter that decreases the chances that a neuron will fire an action potential

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2
Q

What is a GABA deficit?

A

Anxiety disorders, insomnia, seizures, and Huntington’s disease

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3
Q

What is a Dopamine surplus?

A

schizophrenia

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4
Q

What is a Dopamine deficit?

A

Tremors and Parkinson’s disease

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5
Q

Function: influences voluntary movement, posture, learning, cognition, attention

A

Dopamine

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6
Q

What is a Glutamate function?

A

Primary excitatory neurotransmitter a voltage charge due to a neurotransmitter than increasing the chances that a neuron will fire an action potential

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7
Q

What is an Acetylcholine function?

A

Contraction of muscles and heart rate and transmits messages and influences learning and memory

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8
Q

What is an Acetylcholine surplus?

A

Migraines/Seizures

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9
Q

What is an Acetylcholine deficit?

A

Alzheimer’s

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10
Q

One main deficit of Serotonin includes..

A

Depression

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11
Q

Located in the body’s sense organs and send information from these organs to the CNS/brain (incoming info- brain and spine)

A

Sensory/Afferent Neurons

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12
Q

What is the most abundant neurotransmitter?

A

Glutamate

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13
Q

What is a Glutamate surplus?

A

Brain producing brain diseases, migraine, and seizures, problems following brain injury or stroke

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14
Q

What is released from the sending neuron that travels across the synapse and binds to receptors sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing it to generate an action potential?

A

Neurotransmitters/Chemicals

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15
Q

What is a Serotonin function?

A

Involved with mood regulation, hunger, sleep, impulsive control

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16
Q

What is a Serontonin deficit?

A

Sleep-wake disorders, food cravings, aggression

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17
Q

What is Norepinephrine?

A

A hormone and neurotransmitter

18
Q

Conveys information from central nervous system to the body’s organs, glands, and muscles

A

Motor/Efferent Neurons

19
Q

What is a norepinephrine function?

A

Helps control alertness and arousal (related to sympathetic nervous system and fight or flight response)

20
Q

What are released in response to pain or vigorous exercise and provide pain relief?

A

Endorphins

21
Q

What is a junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron?

A

Synaptic gap/cleft

22
Q

When does someone take an agonist medication?

A

When they have a deficit of a neurotransmitter

23
Q

What is a molecule that blocks production or release of a neurotransmitter decreasing its action?

A

An antagonist

24
Q

Why is Curare an antagonist?

A

It blocks ACh receptor sites on muscles, paralyzing the body.

25
Q

What is a molecule that increases a neurotransmitter’s action by either increasing the production or release of neurotransmitters OR by blocking reuptake in the synapse?

A

An agonist

26
Q

What are the first two parts of the nervous system?

A

The central and peripheral nervous system

27
Q

What consists of the CNS (Central Nervous System)?

A

The brain and spinal cord

28
Q

What consists of the PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)?

A

Motor and sensory neurons

29
Q

What consists of the Motor neurons?

A

Somatic (voluntary movement) and autonomic nervous systems

30
Q

What consists of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems

31
Q

axon

A

fiber attached to soma / carries messages to other cells

32
Q

dendrite

A

part of neuron that receives messages from other cells

33
Q

soma

A

cell body / contains nucleus and keeps entire cell alive and functioning

34
Q

myelin sheath

A

a layer of fatty substances that wrap around the axon shafts forming an insulating and protective sheath, speeds up neural message travelling down axon

35
Q

neurotransmitters

A

inside neurons, transmit messages

36
Q

synaptic cleft / synaptic gap

A

between axon terminal and dendrite of other neuron is fluid filled space receptor sites

37
Q

synapse

A

space where two neurons meet / permits neuron to pass chemical signal to other neuron

38
Q

glia cells

A

structure on which neurons develop and function hold neurons in place get nutrients to neurons clean up remains of dead or damaged neurons communicate with neurons and other glial cells provide insulation for neurons possible role in depression and schizophrenia

39
Q

receptor sites

A

proteins that allow only particular molecules of a certain shape to fit into it molecules of neurotransmitter cross synaptic ago to fit into receptor sites

40
Q

neuron

A

specialized cell in nervous system that receives and sends messages within that system

41
Q

terminal buttons

A

the small knobs at the end of an axon that release chemicals called neurotransmitters

AP Psychology (42 decks)

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