Erik Erikson, Temperament, Identity, Attachment, and Mary Ainsworth (Unit 11) Flashcards
Theory of development that continues throughout the life span:
Erik Erikson
There are _________ _____ ________ and specific psychosocial dilemmas at each stage:
Universal Life Stages
If infant needs are met, a sense of basic trust develops; if trust is not attained, child becomes fearful of others:
Trust vs. Mistrust
What age is the Trust vs. Mistrust conflict?
Birth to 1 year old
Child develops sense of independence or self-doubt:
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
What age is the Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt conflict?
1-3 years old
Child begins to initiate tasks and plans in play or initiative is held back by guilt:
Initiative vs. Guilt
What age is the Initiative vs. Guilt conflict?
3-6 years old
Child discovers their academic abilities and social relationships or develops feelings of inferiority:
Industry vs. Inferiority
What age is the Industry vs. Inferiority conflict?
6-12 years old
Teens develop a sense of identity or confusion about self occurs:
Identity vs. Role Confusion
What age is the Identity vs. Role Confusion conflict?
12-18 years old
Young adults develop intimate relationships or they experience isolation:
Intimacy vs. Isolation
What age is the Intimacy vs. Isolationconflict?
18-35 years old
Adults seek to generate a legacy that can be passed to future generations or they struggle with stagnation:
Generativity vs. Stagnation
What age is the Generativity vs. Stagnation conflict?
35-65 years old
Older adults contemplate their life and either feel a sense of integrity and happiness or they feel despair and failure:
Integrity vs. Despair
What age is the Integrity vs. Despair conflict?
65 to death
Studied temperament of young children in relation to sociability:
Alexander Thomas and Stella Chess
Cries little and easy to calm, predictable sleep cycles and generally happy
Easy Temperament
Less predictable and more irritable, challenging to calm and unpredictable in sleep:
Difficult Temperament
Hesitant to interact with new people, shy away from new situations but would adapt
Slow-to-Warm Up
Proposed 4 stages in developing a sense of identity based on the criteria of crisis and commitment to reasolving this stage:
James Marcia
Not undergone an identity crisis and have no commitment about own identity yet:
Identity Diffusion
Have a sense of core beliefs but instead of considering them seriously often allow them to be shaped by others:
Identity Foreclosure
struggling with sense of identity and make changes looking for the one that fits you:
Identity Moratorium
Identified and acknowledge who you are and what you want to be:
Identity Achievement
Factors that contribute to formation:
Peers, family, society
Lack of identity can cause issues later:
Divorce, career changes
Newsborn show attachment to caregivers early by showing preferences for ____, ____, and _____:
Faces, Scent, Language
Infants recognize facial expressions and begin to _____ the expressions they see:
Imitate
Strange Situation and Attachment Types by:
Mary Ainsworth
Upset, cries and refuses to be comforted by strangers:
Secure Attachment Type
Makes effort to touch caregiver and returns to playing:
Secure Attachment Type
Very distressed:
Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment Type
Resentful of caregiver:
Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment Type
Indifferent:
Avoidant Attachment Type
May seek contact but then pull away:
Avoidant Attachment Type
