Clinical/Abnormal Psychology (Unit 14) Flashcards
Behavior that is disturbing, distressing, maladaptive, and often the result of distorted thoughts:
Abnormal Psychology
A psychological disorder is marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s _____, _____ regulation, or _____:
Cognition, emotion, behavior
Internal conflict in the unconscious from childhood traumas:
Psychoanalytic Perspective
Maladaptive responses learned through reinforcement of the wrong kinds of behavior:
Behavioral Perspective
Results from conditions of worth society placed on the individual which causes a poor self-concept:
Humanistic Perspective
Comes from irrational and illogical perceptions and belief systems:
Cognitive Perspective
Evolution Dysfunctions:
Evolutionary Perspectives
Malfunctions or problems in the brain or nervous system:
Biological Perspective
Today’s psychologists content that all behavior arises from the interaction of nature and nurture:
Bio-Psycho-Social Disorder
American Psychiatric Association produced the ______; text revision came out 2022:
DSM-5
Conducted to determine the validity of psychiatric diagnosis when participants faked hallucinations to enter a psychiatric hospital but acted normally afterwards:
Rosenhan Study (1973)
Personality disorders divided into three clusters:
-“Odd” or “Eccentric” Reactions
-Dramatic/Emotionally Problematic/Erratic Reactions
-Chronic anxiety, fearfulness, and avoidant
High levels of suspiciousness of the motives or intentions of others but without the outright paranoid delusions associated with paranoid schizophrenia. Rarely seeks help:
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Aloof and distant from others with shallow or blunting emotions; considered cold; does not get involved in social affairs and often involves excessive daydreaming:
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Odd thinking and experiences standing oddities or eccentric in thought, perception, speech, behavior; often suspicious and hostile. Difficulties in establishing close social relationships:
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Disregard for rights and property of others without guilt of remorse. Manipulative, exploitative self-indulgent, irresponsible. Warning signs are lying, truancy, stealing, fighting:
Antisocial Personality
Emotionally unstable, impulsive, unpredictable, irritable, prone to bored; no dominant pattern of deviance:
Borderline Personality Disorder
Excessively dramatic, seek attention, and tend to overreact. Likes to draw attention to self. Seeks excitement and avoids routines:
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Unrealistically self-important; manipulative, lacks empathy, can’t take criticism. Sets unrealistic goals. Displays the need for affection, admiration, attention and in many ways has a childish level of behavior:
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Excessively sensitive to potential rejection and humiliation; unwilling to enter into relationships and devastated by disapproval. Wants to have social relationships:
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Excessively lacking in self-confidence; subordinates own needs; allows others to make all the decisions due to poor self image or lack of confidence. Sees self as helpless or stupid:
Dependent Personality Disorder
Usually preoccupied with rules, schedules, and details; a perfectionist who becomes anxious about getting the job done; extremely conventional and serious:
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
Resistance to the demands of others; passive; tendency to procrastinate and forgetfulness; often tends to whine, complain, and moan:
Passive Aggressive Personality Disorder
Feeling of impending doom or disaster from specific or unknown source that is characterized by symptoms of tension, agitation, and apprehension and bodily symptoms of sweating, muscular tension and increased heart rate:
Anxiety
- Persistent anxiety for at least 6 months
- Unable to specify the reason for the anxiety
- Tense of anxious for more than one-half of their lives
- Freud called this “free floating anxiety”
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Main feature is recurrent panic attacks
- Marked by the sudden onset of intense apprehension
- Severe palpitations
- Extreme shortness of breath
- Chest pains
- Trembling
- Sweating
- Dizziness
- Feeling of helplessness
- Victims feel they will die, go crazy, or do something they cannot control
- Can occur anytime and last minutes to hours
Panic Disorder
- Has an irritation, overwhelming, persistent fear of a particular object or situation
- Dread it so much, they are willing to go to any length to avoid it
Phobic Disorders
Fear of open spaces or being in a crowded public space:
Agoraphobia
Fear of being negatively evaluated in social situations to the point where you avoid social actions like eating out:
Social Anxiety Disorder
- Individual has anxiety provoking thoughts that will not go away
- May have in addition or alone: repetitive, ritualistic behaviors usually designed to prevent or produce a future situation
- Characteristic behaviors: checking, washing, hoarding, harming, counting, performing rituals
- Obsessions are repetitive thoughts
- Compulsions are repetitive behaviors
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Difficulty discarding or parting with items, regardless of actual value:
Hoarding Disorder
Repetitive behaviors or mental acts in response to preoccupations with perceived defects/flaws in physical appearance:
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Hair pulling disorder:
Trichotillomania
Skin picking:
Excoriation Disorder
Re-experience a traumatic event normally through flashbacks or nightmares:
PTSD
2 Anti-anxiety Medications:
Valium and Librium
Neurotransmitter GABA does not function properly:
Cause of anxiety
Too much _______ makes the brain overactive:
Glutamate
Characterized by wide emotional swings, ranging from deep depression to great euphoria and agitation:
Mood Disorders
- Individual is deeply unhappy
- Demoralized
- Self derogatory
- Bored
- Does not feel well
- Loses stamina easily
- Poor appetite
- Listless
- Unmotivated
- Has been called the “common cold” of mental disorders
Major Depressive Disorder
What are 3 anti-depressant meds often used?
Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil
Recurring depression that usually comes during the winter:
Seasonal Affective Disorder
- Extreme mood swings
- Personal might be depressed, maniac, or both
Bipolar Disorder
Classic symptoms are mania, depression, normalcy:
Bipolar l
Classic symptoms are depression then normalcy:
Bipolar ll
Childhood relationships with parents who did not meet their needs:
Psychoanalytic Explanation for Bipolar Disorder
They interpret their lives in self-deprecating ways and have negative expectations about the future along with sad thoughts:
Cognitive and Learning Explanation for Bipolar Disorder (Aaron Beck)
Bio-genetic inheritance and chemical changes in the brain:
Biogenetic Explanation for Bipolar Disorder
Irregular levels of norepinephrine =
Bipolar l (Mania)
Low serotonin/norepinephrine =
Bipolar ll
Medicine used for Bipolar l:
Lithium
3 Medicines used for Bipolar ll:
Zyban, Elexor, and Wellbutrin
A mental disorder in which psychological symptoms take on physical forms, even though no physical causes can be found:
Somatic Symptom Disorder
Individual has a pervasive fear of illness and disease:
Hypochondrasis
Individual experiences specific, genuine physical symptoms even though no physiological problems can be found (Stress can influence ths):
Conversion Disorder
Known for a sudden loss of memory or changes in identity:
Dissociative Disorders
Sudden inability to recall important personal information such as their name:
Amnesia
Sudden and unexpected travel away from their home or customary place of activities and are unable to recall some/all of their past:
Fugue
- Characterized by assuming 2 or more distinct integrated personalities, each other which manifests itself at times
- Behaviors are accompanied by an inability to recall important information
- Personalities may have no memory other the other(s)
Dissociative Identity Disorder
2 Other Dissociative Disorders:
Korsakoff’s and Alzheimer’s
Origin of Schizophrenia:
Latin word meaning “splitting of the mind” or a split from reality
- General mental disorganization
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Catatonia or disturbed motor ability
- Incoherence
- Flattened Affect
- Childlike and inappropriate
Schizophrenia Symptoms
Normal people lack but schizophrenic has:
Positive Symptoms
Decrease in emotion/thought process:
Negative Symptoms
What are 3 antipsychotic drugs to treat schizophrenia:
Thorazine, Clozapine, and Haldol
- Genetic
- An excess of dopamine receptors
- Stress
- Diathesis Stress Model - Relationship between potential causes of a disorder and degree to which people may be vulnerable to react to the causes
Causes of Schizophrenia
Eating inedible objects:
Pica
- Children have too much energy
- Find it difficult to focus on a task for a period of time
- Difficulty in school due to impulsive behaviors
Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder
What are 2 medications for ADHD?
Ritalin and Adderall
- Deficits in social interaction and communication
- Restricted repetitive behaviors, interests, and activities
- Mindblindness - can’t read others in social situations
- Intellectual disability
- Communication disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Known for repetitive movements such as: twitching, facial grimace, head jerking, finger snapping, whirling, speaking out:
Tourette Syndrome
Characteristics are angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behaviors, and vindictiveness:
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Inability to refrain from stealing for reasons other than personal use or financial gain:
Kleptomania
What disorder is new to the DSM-5?
Gamblin Disorers
What’s another neurocognitive disorder?
Dementia
